RESUMENEl síndrome Gorlin (SG) es una condición genética, con patrón de herencia autosómico dominante, con penetrancia completa y expresividad variable, debida a mutaciones germinales en los genes PTCH1 o SUFU, los cuales son componentes de la vía molecular Sonic hedgehog. El SG se caracteriza por la presencia de múltiples carcinomas de células basales nevoides, quistes odontogénicos, calcificación de la hoz del cerebro y lesiones en sacabocado en palmas y plantas. Este es el primer reporte de casos en el Perú sobre pacientes con SG, que cuentan con evaluación y asesoría genética. Presentamos dos casos de SG que cumplen criterios clínicos del síndrome y una revisión de la literatura. Palabras clave: Síndrome del nevo basocelular; Carcinoma basocelular; Quistes odontogénicos; Proteínas hedgehog (fuente: DeCS BIREME). NEVOID BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA SYNDROME (GORLIN SYNDROME): REPORT OF TWO CASES AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ABSTRACTGorlin syndrome (GS) is a genetic disorder with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, with complete penetrance and variable expressivity. GS is caused by germline mutations in the genes PTCH1 or SUFU, which are components of the Sonic hedgehog molecular pathway. GS is characterized by the presence of multiple nevoid basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic cysts, calcification of the brain sickle, and lesions in the palms and soles. This study is the first to report cases in Peru of patients with GS who underwent genetic evaluation and counseling. We present two GS cases that meet the clinical criteria for the syndrome and review the literature Keywords: Basal cell nevus syndrome, Basal cell carcinoma, Odontogenic cysts, Hedgehog proteins (source: MeSH NLM). INTRODUCCIÓNEl síndrome de carcinoma de células basales nevoides o síndrome Gorlin (SG), es una condición genética con patrón de herencia autosómica dominante, clasificado en el compendio de genes y fenotipos genéticos humanos OMIM #109400 (1) . El SG posee una penetrancia completa y expresividad variable, debida a mutaciones germinales en los genes PTCH1 (locus 9q22.32) o SUFU (locus 10q24.32) involucrados en la vía molecular Sonic Hedhehog (SHH) relacionada con funciones como la embriogénesis, carcinogénesis y reparación de tejidos (1) . La alteración de esta vía explicaría las características clínicas del SG, siendo las anomalías congénitas consecuencia de la mutación germinal del gen PTCH1, mientras que el desarrollo de los carcinomas basocelulares y otros tumores se deben a la segunda mutación que se produce en el otro alelo. Los pacientes que porten estas mutaciones, tienen una probabilidad del 50% de heredarla a su descendencia. El 70-80% de los casos de SG, se debe a que el paciente heredó la mutación de alguno de sus padres, mientras que el 20-30% restante corresponden a casos "de novo" o aislados en la familia (1) .744
Background: About 25% of patients suffering from medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) have been associated to germinal pathogenic variants of RET proto-oncogene. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC) are phenotypes related germinal RET pathogenic alterations. Despite the vast research on genomics about MTC in European descendants, little is known in Latin America. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess germinal pathogenic genetic variants of RET proto-oncogene in a Peruvian cohort of patients with MTC. Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive, observational, and retrospective study of patients with diagnosis of MTC who attended at least one genetic consultation at a national Peruvian oncologic healthcare institute, whose germinal genetic results of RET gene were available on clinical records. Genetic analysis was carried out using the Sanger sequencing methodology evaluating RET gene exons: 10,11,13,14,15,and 16. We collected personal and familial information and morphological tumor-relevant information. Results: We found 28.6% (6/21) of probands diagnosed with MTC carrying a germinal pathogenic variant of RET gene. Half or these germline alterations were de novo. We identified five germinal pathogenic variants: p. Cys620Ser, p.Cys630Ser, p.Cys634Gly, p.Cys634Arg, and p.Leu790Phe. Conclusion: This is the first report of germinal pathogenic variants of RET proto-oncogene found in Peruvian patients with MTC, with unique findings highlighting the importance of genomic analysis for precise diagnosis for personalized clinical management.
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