The brain structures critical for recognising another person’s voice remain unclear. Roswandowitz et al. report lesion-behaviour results showing that the right posterior/mid temporal lobe is obligatory for voice-identity recognition. The right inferior parietal lobe, in contrast, is required for voice-identity recognition only when face-identity information must also be processed.

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Obesity in childhood and adolescence remains a great global health challenge. Stress exposure during childhood and adolescence is associated with a higher risk for obesity, yet the linkage between stress and obesity is multidimensional, and its biological and behavioral mechanisms are still not fully understood. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> In this literature review, we identified different types of stress exposure in children and adolescents, including first studied effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as a prolonged stress exposure and their association with obesity risk. We investigated studies on the connection of altered stress biology and behavioral pathways as well as intervention programs on stress reduction in children and adolescents with obesity. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> There is evidence that stress exposure in childhood and adolescence promotes biological and behavioral alterations that contribute to the multifactorial pathogenesis of obesity. COVID-19 related-stress presents the most current example of a negative influence on weight development in children and adolescents. However, longitudinal studies on the linkage between environmental, behavioral, and biological factors across development are few, and results are partly equivocal. Intervention programs to reduce stress in children through mindfulness might be a promising adjunctive tool in the prevention and treatment of childhood and adolescent obesity that could further offer proof of concept of theoretically elaborated cause-and-effect relationships.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGNusinersen (Spinraza® ) ist das einzige bislang zugelassene Medikament zur Therapie der spinalen Muskelatrophien (SMA). In der EU besteht die Zulassung als Orphan Drug seit Anfang 2016 und gilt für alle Formen der spinalen Muskelatrophien. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über Wirkmechanismus und Anwendung des Medikaments sowie erste klinische Erfahrungswerte nach 3 Jahren der Behandlung von Patienten mit SMA an der Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin Leipzig.

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