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The fundamental idea of PERM is to synthesize areal shots whose migration describes the correct kinematics of a reflector in an isolated subsurface-offset common-image gather (SODCIG) computed with wave-extrapolation methods. This is achieved by extrapolating source and receiver wavefields starting from the prestack image at the vicinity of the SODCIG. The modeling of PERM source D and receiver U wavefields can be carried out by any wavefield-continuation scheme. Here, we use the following one-way wave equations: and where x is the spatial coordinates, x m is the coordinate of the SODCIGs used in the modeling, is frequency, h is the subsurface offset, s 0 is the background velocity also used in the migration of the initial image, and I D and I U are prestack images used as the initial conditions for the modeling of source and receiver wavefields, respectively, and are computed by rotating the original image according to the apparent geological dip.

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