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Abstract. The main objective was to create an indicator of agricultural vulnerability to drought in the Northeast of Brazil 10 (NEB). The data used for precipitation belong to ANA (Agência Nacional das Águas) considering the climatological norm to the census of 2010. In the Southwest it is observed that a part of the semi-arid region presented a moderate degree (0,74-1,08) and much higher in extension when compared to the 2000 census, evidencing that exposure to drought does not directly influence the agricultural sensitivity in the most productive areas of the region. The adaptive capacity factor presented 20 significant results for the composition of the indicator of agricultural vulnerability, mainly in the semi-arid region that varied from (0,42). In this way, it is concluded that, between the census, the southern and central part of the NEB reduced agricultural vulnerability, but the region should benefit from early warning systems as well as the development and adoption of natural resources and technology management, with the objective of educating producers about the potential impacts of extreme events. 25