Traditional hot injection methods for the preparation of cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (CsPbX 3 PNCs, where X=Cl, Br, or I) rely on small molecule surfactants to produce PNCs with cube, plate, or rod-like morphologies.Here, we describe a new method whereby zwitterionic block copolymers are employed as macromolecular ligands in PNC synthesis, affording PNCs with excellent colloidal stability, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and in some cases distinctly non-cubic shapes. The block copolymers used in this study -composed of a poly(n-butyl methacrylate) hydrophobic block and zwitterionic methacrylate hydrophilic blocks -dissolve in useful solvents for PNC growth despite containing large mole percentages of zwitterionic groups. PNCs prepared with block copolymer ligands were found to disperse and retain their fluorescence in a range of polar organic solvents and were amenable to direct integration into optically transparent nanocomposite thin films with high PNC content.

In the high-risk cohort undergoing PCI, bivalirudin with provisional GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors achieved better angiographic results. Although not powered to show a difference, and while acknowledging that a selection bias could have affected the data, the present study showed that bivalirudin may be as clinically effective and safe as heparin with adjunctive GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors.

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