Frequency of infection by both estimators is relatively low in the women studied. Characteristics related with periods of exposure such as age and time working in commercial sex, as well as socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, such as place of birth, education, and type of work site, were significantly related to the frequency of infection.

These data demonstrate that coinfection with HBV is common in the HIV-positive men studied. The highest prevalences of HBsAg and anti-HBc were observed among homosexual men. These results highlight the need to intensify safe-sex education campaigns and to promote hepatitis B vaccination especially among this population group.

No abstract