Resumen el presente estudio de tipo descriptivo correlacional, tuvo como propósito examinar la relación de la satisfacción vital con el apoyo social percibido y los cinco grandes factores de personalidad, en estudiantes de la Universidad de concepción. la muestra estuvo conformada por 353 universitarios de ambos sexos. los resultados mostraron que los universitarios presentaban niveles relativamente altos de apoyo social percibido y satisfacción vital. El apoyo social percibido se relacionó de manera significativa con la satisfacción vital. a su vez, esta última mostró una relación negativa con neuroticismo y relaciones positivas con extraversión, responsabilidad y amabilidad. el apoyo social y el neuroticismo fueron las principales variables predictoras de la satisfacción vital, siendo algo mayor la influencia relativa del apoyo social. Se proponen posibles explicaciones para los resultados encontrados. Palabras clave: satisfacción vital, apoyo social percibido, cinco grandes factores, personalidad y universitarios. Abstractthis study examined the relationship of life satisfaction with perceived social support and personality factors in 353 male and female students from the University of concepcion (chile). results showed high levels of perceived social support and life satisfaction in this sample. Social support had significant positive relationships with life satisfaction. life satisfaction had negative relationship with neuroticism and direct relationships with extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness. social support and neuroticism were the main predictors of vital satisfaction, with social support having higher relative influence. Diverse explanatory factors for obtained results are proposed.

Being a parent plays an important role in people’s life trajectory and identity. Though the general cultural perception is that having children is a source of subjective well-being, there is evidence that, at least in some societies, the subjective well-being of those who are parents is worse, in some aspects, than that of those who are not. This gap has been the object of interest and controversy. The aim of this study was to compare Chilean adults with and without children in a broad set of well-being indicators, controlling for other sociodemographic variables. A public national probabilistic database was used. The results show that, in terms of positive and negative affect, those who are not parents achieve greater well-being than those who have children. Other results also pointed in that direction. The implications of the social context and gender, which are aspects that pose a burden for the exercise of parenthood in Chile, are discussed.

Background: Parenting training is a proven strategy for the promotion of positive parenting practices and for the prevention and treatment of behavior problems in children. The processes that explain this efficacy are less clear. The aim of this study was to assess the mediating role of parenting practice modification, encouraged through the implementation of a universal parenting training program, for the decrease of behavior problems in 3- to 6-year-old children. Method: A cluster randomized trial was carried out in 19 educational centers in low and middle socioeconomic areas. A total of 178 families received the program and 154 of them were the control group. The following parenting practices were assessed: positive reinforcement, involvement, inconsistency, unsuitable treatment behaviors and physical punishment, as well as hostility and humiliation behaviors. Parent–child interaction was also assessed using an observational instrument. A multiple mediation analysis was carried out, identifying the indirect effects. Results: Reduction of harsh discipline and physical punishment, and parental inconsistency mediated the effects observed in the reduction of child behavior problems during the program. Conclusion: Within Chilean families, harsh discipline, physical punishment, and parental inconsistency are important aspects to be considered in the implementation of universal parenting training programs.

La presencia de conductas externalizantes en la infancia tiene importantes grados de continuidad temporal futura, y es un factor de riesgo de fracaso y abandono escolar, de conductas delictuales, abuso y dependencia de sustancias, de conductas suicidas y de otros trastornos psicopatológicos del desarrollo. En esta revisión se analizan los principales aspectos relacionados con los programas de fortalecimiento de prácticas parentales como dispositivos útiles en el marco de estrategias multicomponentes de trabajo preventivo. La evidencia ha demostrado que la intervención dirigida a madres y padres es crucial en la modificación de problemas de conducta en niños/as, siendo el entrenamiento en habilidades parentales una de las estrategias mejor estudiadas y consideradas de mayor calidad al momento de prevenir el desarrollo de conductas externalizantes.

For several decades now, there has been a strong interest in quantifying the magnitude of mental health problems in the general population. In spite of the growing methodological sophistication of investigations, there remain conceptual issues. The aim of this article is to critically analyse both the community prevalence studies of mental disorders and the way in which some of their findings are highlighted and disseminated. The article states that the "cases" identification criteria used in the studies favour a psychopathologising view of human problems. The need for a different conceptual framework for community prevalence studies is suggested.