Human MDA5 deficiency features recurrent severe human rhinovirus (HRV) infections. MDA5 serves a protective and nonredundant role in protecting against HRV in the respiratory tract, through its effects on virus sensing and triggering of antiviral IFN signaling.

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A novel electronic survey was successfully piloted to measure residents' perceptions of simulation education compared with live critical events. Residents perceived that their experiences in earlier similar simulations positively affected their performances during emergencies.