The increasing pressure on agricultural production systems to achieve global food security and prevent environmental degradation necessitates a transition towards more sustainable practices. The purpose of this scoping review is to understand how the incentives offered to farmers motivate the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices and, ultimately, how and whether they result in measurable outcomes. To this end, this scoping review examines the evidence of nearly 18,000 papers on whether incentive-based programmes lead to the adoption of sustainable practices and their effect on environmental, economic and productivity outcomes. We find that independent of the incentive type, programmes linked to short-term economic benefit have a higher adoption rate than those aimed solely at providing an ecological service. In the long run, one of the strongest motivations for farmers to adopt sustainable practices is perceived benefits for either their farms, the environment or both. Beyond this, the importance of technical assistance and extension services in promoting sustainable practices emerges strongly from this scoping review. Finally, we find that policy instruments are more effective if their design considers the characteristics of the target population, and the associated trade-offs between economic, environmental and social outcomes.

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RESUMENEstudio narratológico cuya hipótesis señala que en el Chile de la post-dictadura emerge una serie de textos que recuperan los imaginarios urbanos de la novela social, escrita bajo la efervescencia de los gobiernos frente-populistas. En estas novelas del "cambio de milenio", el sujeto de la enunciación es lo que aquí se denomina hombre gris: Subjetividad conservadora que pretende conjurar los "maleficios" de la globalización merced a la invocación (relectura) de los textos de la novela social (e.g. N. Guzmán).Palabras claves: Novela chilena siglo XX, imaginarios urbanos, post-dictadura. ABSTRACTThe statement of this essay emphasizes that in Chilean post-dictatorship era, emerge a kind of narrative-writing that evoke the ideological project of novela social: chilean socialist realism in literature (1930)(1931)(1932)(1933)(1934)(1935)(1936)(1937)(1938)(1939)(1940). In this narrative works, the subject of enunciation is named hombre gris, the man of disappointment. The main objective of this aesthetic project is to reject globalization and recovery literary language and ideology of socialist novelists (e.g. N. Guzmán, among others).

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