Tobacco consumption is the most incriminated and studied risk factor for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but other factors such as air pollution, are also linked to this disease. One of the known aspects of this chronic lung disease is that its occurrence is mainly due to the chronic inflammation of the airways. Lipid metabolism seems to be affected by smoking, with studies showing a correlation between this habit and high levels of triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CHOL). Uric acid concentration is thought to reflect the antioxidative capacity of the body because it is the most abundant aqueous antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate the lipid profile and biochemical parameters of COPD patients in relation to smoking status. The present study was conducted between 2020 and 2021 in the Clinical Hospital of Pneumology in Iasi, Romania. Patients diagnosed with COPD (n = 52) were included and divided in three groups depending on their smoking status: non-smokers, smokers and ex-smokers. The obtained results show low correlations between COPD stages and serum uric acid concentrations (r = 0.4; p ˂ 0.05), smoking status (smoker/non-smoker/ex-smoker) and total serum cholesterol values (r = 0.45; p ˂ 0.05), but also between serum urea concentrations and the number of packs-years for the smoker/ex-smoker groups (r = 0.45, p ˂ 0.05). Smoking was associated with changes in the lipid profile of smokers and ex-smokers, along with increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CHOL) and low serum uric acid values.

Although thiazide-like diuretics were initially known to have little or no metabolic side-effects, some later evidence showed some of their adverse reactions. We aimed to survey their side-effects in long term administration. We conducted a prospective pharmacovigilance study on the metabolic side-effects of indapamide in the V th Internal Medicine Clinic Iași, Romania, between 2016 and 2018. Thirty hypertensive patients were monitored regarding glycaemia, uricemia and kaliemia before starting indapamide administration (T0), after at least three months of administration (T1) and after at least some other three months of withdrawal (T2). A significant increase of glycaemia and uricemia appeared after three months of administration of indapamide, which disappeared in most of the cases after stopping the treatment. A significant decrease of kaliemia was also noted under treatment and it was reversible after stopping indapamide. The incrimination of indapamide in producing hyperglycaemia, hyperuricemia or hypokalaemia was certain or probable in eight cases and possible in five cases according to the WHO-UMC (2010) algorithm for causality assessment. Thiazide-like diuretics may expose to the same metabolic risks as thiazide-type diuretics. Precautious administration in case of already present hypokalaemia could be protective. Larger studies are needed in order to define the dose, the period of administration or other associated factors that could expose to an increased risk of side-effects. Rezumat Deși initial se considera că diureticele de tip tiazidic prezintă efecte adverse metabolice minime sau deloc, anumite dovezi ulterioare au ridicat problema unor astfel de efecte. În acest studiu am urmărit să evaluăm apariția acestor efecte adverse p e termen lung. Am realizat un studiu prospectiv asupra efectelor adverse metabolice ale indapamidei în cadrul Clinicii a V-a Medicină Internă Iași, România între 2016 și 2018. Treizeci de pacienți hipertensivi au fost monitorizați în ceea ce privește glicemia, uricemia și kaliemia înainte de începerea administrării indapamidei (T0), după minim trei luni de administrare (T1) și după minim alte trei luni de întrerupere a administrării acesteia (T2). Am observat o creștere semnificativă a glicemiei și uricemiei după administrarea indapamidei timp de trei luni, dar aceasta s-a redus, în majoritatea cazurilor, după oprirea tratamentului. A apărut, de asemenea, o scădere semnificativă a kaliemiei sub tratament, dar aceasta a fost reversibilă, după oprirea acestuia. Implicarea indapamidei în apariția hiperglicemiei, hiperuricemiei sau hipokaliemiei a fost sigură sau probabilă în opt cazuri și posibilă în cinci cazuri, conform algoritmului pentru evaluarea cauzalității OMS-UMC (2010). Diureticele înrudite cu tiazidele ar putea expune pacienții la aceleași riscuri metabolice ca și diureticele tiazidice. O administrare precaută ar putea fi protectivă, în cazul unei hipokaliemii deja existente. Este nevoie de studii mai ample pentru definirea dozei, perioadei de administrare și a altor fa...

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Throughout life, women make a sequential transition through states modulated by the relative levels of sex steroid hormones that include pre-puberty, menarche, menstruation, pregnancy, breastfeeding and menopause. In addition, exogenous sex hormones can further alter normal hormonal states, so the risk of major depression in multiparous women is twice as high as in nulliparous women and is particularly high during the years after menopause. These "reproductive depressions" involve episodes of depression that occur specifically during the premenstrual, postpartum and perimenopause phases in women. There is substantial evidence that estrogen and progesterone vary considerably throughout a woman's life and contribute to changes in brain structure and function. These findings are consistent with functional data indicating an important role for estrogen and progesterone in mediating emotional processing. The aim of the study was to explore the reciprocal relationships between sex steroid hormones, estrogen and progesterone throughout physiological and pathophysiological conditions in nulliparous females compared to multiparous females and to identify the cause of depression in multiparous females. Material and method: 20 Swiss mice, nulliparous females and 15 Swiss mice, multipair females with three pregnancies in number, 88/Bulletin of Integrative Psychiatry New Series  September 2020  Year XXVI No. 3 (86) were used, for which the hormonal dosing was done. Single variance analysis (ANOVA) was used. Results: in the group of nulliparous female mice, an increase of the average values of estrogen wad observed, compared to the group of multiparous female mice. Progesterone levels were not significantly different in the two groups of mice. Conclusions: estrogen values changed significantly between the parameters of nulliparous values compared to multiparous female mice, and progesterone values did not change in the two groups of mice studied, suggesting that the increase in estrogen values in multiparous females might cause postpartum depression.