Context:Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) is a potent antimicrobial that is widely used in several fields of medicine. Chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate is a well-known agent used in dentistry to eliminate oral microbial flora.Aims:The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of AgNPs, 2% CHX gluconate, and the combination of two solutions against endodontic pathogens such as Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans. These organisms are frequently found in the root canal space and their persistence may lead to endodontic failure. The synergistic effect of the two solutions has been evaluated in this study. The antibiotic gentamycin was taken as the control group.Settings and Design:Agar well diffusion method was used and minimum inhibitory concentration of AgNP was found to be 15 μg/mL. AgNPs were synthesized from the aqueous plant extract of Cassia roxburghii. The combination of CHX-AgNP solution was stirred together by a glass rod. The values were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS software version 20. One-way ANOVA test was used to compare within the groups and between groups. The level of significance was set at 5%.Results:CHX-AgNP combined solution exhibited the highest efficacy in comparison to these solutions used alone. They showed the highest efficacy against C. albicans among the three organisms tested.Conclusion:The present study demonstrates the antimicrobial efficacy of a novel mixture of CHX-AgNP solution, and it may be developed as a promising antimicrobial agent against endodontic flora.

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Endodontic surgery has developed the perception as an unnecessary procedure, with the emergence of implants. This opinion has been based on endodontic surgery being performed using obsolete concepts and techniques that compromised the potential for clinical success, frequently resulting in the persistence of patient symptoms, periapical pathology, and, ultimately, extraction of the treated tooth. With the emerging concepts of magnification, advanced principles of soft and hard tissue management, use of tissue regenerative root-end filling materials, and enhanced principles of wound closure, surgical endodontics has emerged as a highly predictable and comparatively painless procedure. Periapical surgery should be regarded as the method of choice when orthograde endodontic therapy cannot be performed. The present study describes indications of endodontic surgery and a few cases successfully managed using endodontic surgery.

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Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge on sugar content in food labels among the super market users in Chennai city. Material and Methods: A study was designed as a descriptive cross-sectional study which was conducted among a sampled population of supermarket consumers in Chennai city. Chennai city was divided into 3 zones based on the parliamentary assembly constituencies and from each zone two supermarkets were randomly selected. Data was collected using a closed ended questionnaire. Data collected was tabulated and analyzed using SPSS software package version 16. Results: Majority (71%) were not aware of the rules guiding the display of contents in the food products which they purchased. 46.5% of the participants were more interested in the carbohydrate and protein content of the food products while only 13.2% were interested in the sugar content. About 65% were aware of the positive association between excessive sugar consumption of sugar and incidence of various diseases. Mere 51% of the study participants expressed their interest to know more information regarding the risk benefit of sugar consumption. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the majority of the supermarket consumers in Chennai city were not aware of the display of contents in their purchased products, including its sugar content. Though majority of them were aware of the association between sugar consumption and disease, they did not perceive sugar in the purchased food products as a potential risk factor.