Wstęp i cel: Komórki macierzyste są szeroko stosowane w wielu naukach, szczególnie w chorobach. Dzięki swoim właściwościom proliferacyjnym i zdolności do tworzenia się w innych elementach organizmu zastosowanie w mechanizmie regeneracyjnym, przy zachowaniu charakterystycznych parametrów oparzeń, odbudowie układu krwiotwórczego. później je pozyskać z wielu dzieci m.in. składników tłuszczowej, szpiku kostnego, krwi pępowinowej czy mleka kobiecego.  Obecny stan wiedzy: Dlatego ważne jest, aby wykorzystać metodę hodowli, dzięki której w krótkim czasie możemy uzyskać wyniki badań, które pozwolą wykonać życie i zróżnicowanie się w innych typach. Do hodowli jest uzyskiwana ilość ilości energii, źródło węgla, składniki odżywcze i powietrze. Najpowszechniej jest metodą 2D, która jest dość tania i skuteczna do wykonania. Metoda 3D, choć droższa i wyższa pracochłonna, jest wyższa wydajna. Metodą 3D, czyli sferyczną, mamy możliwość uzyskania środowiska, które zapewnia warunki in vivo, których nie uzyskujemy metodą 2D. Komórki hodowane sferycznie dobrze bodźce ze środowiska w trzech wymiarach, na poziomie komórka-komórka i komórka-macierz zewnątrzkomórkowa.Wykorzystaj dodatkowy przepływ cytokin, składników odżywczych, czynników wzrostu i chemokin. Wnioski: W przyszłości metoda 3D może wyprzeć metody hodowli 2D. Zapewnij warunki zbliżone do tych w wynikach, możemy ocenić wyniki testów analizowanych na zwierzętach. Obecnie w takich kulturach coraz częściej testuje się leki stosowane w onkologii i określa się ich efekt terapeutyczny.

Introduction: The most common tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi is Lyme disease. It is characterized by a variety of disorders: dermatological, rheumatological, cardiological and neurological. Neuroborreliosis is defined as an involvement of the nervous system, and it is the second most common form of infection in children (10-15% of those infected). The aim of the study: To review the available materials and presentation of the current state of knowledge on the various manifestations of neuroborreliosis in children. Material and method: Databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar were searched. Literature was searched using the keywords: Lyme disease, neuroborreliosis, borreliosis, facial nerve paralysis, and pediatric population. The materials obtained in this way were analyzed in terms of compliance with the subject of the work. Results: Typical clinical manifestations of neuroborreliosis in children are facial nerve palsy and meningitis. Neuroborreliosis is the cause of 50% of all cases of bilateral facial nerve palsy in children. Multiple cranial and peripheral neuritis, myelitis, cerebral vasculitis and, consequently, the formation of intracranial aneurysms are less common manifestations of infection. Conclusions: The symptoms of neuroborreliosis are non-specific. This makes it difficult to make an accurate diagnosis. Even if no information on tick bite or erythema migrans has been obtained from the clinical history, neuroborreliosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially in Lyme-endemic areas.

Introduction: The gut microbiome is an integral part of the body, and the eubiosis conditio significantly  influences homeostasis. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is connected with an increased numer of bacteria, it causes gastrointestinal symptoms. The main symptoms are abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea. SIBO correlates with the occurrence of other chronic diseases. The basis of treatment are antibiotics. There are also scientific reports on supplementing pharmacological therapy with dietary management. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to review the current knowledge on the bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine. Particular attention took notice of to the relationship  between SIBO and other chronic diseases as well as potential and applied treatments. Material and methods: The review includes publications published in 2020-2023 and certain works published earlier, in the years 2008-2017. Data were collected using PubMed, ScienceDirect i Google Scholar. Results: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is heterogeneous disorder. Its symptoms are nonspecific. SIBO is related to several different diseases and corresponds with them. Empirical treatment consists in administration of antibiotics. Supplementing therapy with alternative methods for example probiotic and diet therapy  promotes success in treating. Conclusions: The lack of standarized therapeutic menagment and focused on bacterial eradication only approach makes, SIBO is recurrent ailment. More research is needed. The important thing is holistic approach on etiology, pathogenesis and therapy.

Introduction: medical confidentiality is one of the basic rights of the patient and plays a key role in ensuring trust between doctor and patient. However, in a criminal trial, where there is a conflict between the protection of the patient's rights and the need for proper sentencing by the criminal court, the doctor may be exempted from medical confidentiality. The aim of the study: was to illustrate the respondents' level of knowledge about medical confidentiality. The intention was also to find out the opinion of the respondents as to whether the court should have the right to exempt a doctor from medical secrecy and how often such a situation was encountered. Material and method: A questionnaire of our own authorship was used. 223 people were surveyed. A comparison of answers to questions between subgroups was made. It was based on current criminal literature and court decisions. Results: well acquainted with the subject is only 30%, and mostly those with medical or legal education. Nearly ¾ of the respondents believe that in exceptional situations the court should have the right to exempt a doctor from the obligation of medical secrecy. Conclusions: as a result of the fact that almost 90% of those surveyed believe that most people are unaware of the rationale for exempting a doctor from the obligation of medical secrecy, this topic should be popularized in society. It must be emphasized that balancing the protection of professional secrecy with the needs of justice is a challenge that requires a comprehensive legal analysis in each case.