Given the magnitude and seriousness of PICC complications, clinicians should reconsider the practice of treating otherwise healthy children with acute osteomyelitis with prolonged intravenous antibiotics after hospital discharge when an equally effective oral alternative exists.

Treatment failure rates between PICC and oral antibiotics did not differ. Children with complicated pneumonia should preferentially receive oral antibiotics at discharge when effective oral options are available.

A Venting Gas Trap (VGT) was designed, built, and tested at NASA Johnson Space Center to eliminate dissolved and free gas from the circulating coolant loop of the Orion Environmental Control Life Support System. The VGT was downselected from two different designs. The VGT has robust operation, and easily met all the Orion requirements, especially size and weight. The VGT has a novel design with the gas trap made of a five-layer spiral wrap of porous hydrophobic hollow fibers that form a cylindrically shaped curtain terminated by a dome-shaped distal plug. Circulating coolant flows into the center of the cylindrical curtain and flows between the hollow fibers, around the distal plug, and exits the VGT outlet. Free gas is forced by the coolant flow to the distal plug and brought into contact with hollow fibers. The proximal ends of the hollow fibers terminate in a venting chamber that allows for rapid venting of the free gas inclusion, but passively limits the external venting from the venting chamber through two small holes in the event of a long-duration decompression of the cabin. The VGT performance specifications were verified in a wide range of flow rates, bubble sizes, and inclusion volumes. Long-duration and integrated Orion human tests of the VGT are also planned for the coming year. Nomenclature

To identify variables associated with return visits to the hospital within 7 days after discharge. METHODS:We performed a retrospective study of 7-day revisits and readmissions between October 2012 and September 2015 using the Pediatric Health Information System database supplemented by electronic medical record data from a tertiary-care children's hospital. We examined factors associated with revisits among the top 10 most frequent indications for hospitalization using generalized estimating equations.RESULTS: There were 736 (4.2%) revisits and 416 (2.3%) readmissions within 7 days. Predictors of 7-day revisits and readmissions included age, length of hospital stay, and presence of a chronic medical condition. In addition, insurance status was associated with risk of revisits and race was associated with risk of readmissions in the bivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS:In this study, we identified patient characteristics that may be associated with a higher risk of early return to the emergency department and/or readmissions. Early identification of this at-risk group of patients may provide opportunities for intervention and enhanced care coordination at discharge.