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Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate), Triton X‐100 (nonaethylene glycol octylphenol ether), and SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) solubilized several components of Mississippi Wilcox lignite and Illinois No. 6 bituminous coal. Tween 80 extraction of alkali‐soluble Ugljevik lignite resulted in an increase in hydrogen content and decreases in the nitrogen and sulfur contents of undissolved coal solids. Biosurfactant‐containing cell‐free extracts of Bacillus licheniformis solubilized a 53 000 Da coal component of Mississippi Wilcox lignite. The results suggest that solubilization of coal organic components by chemically‐ and biologically‐synthesized surfactants has potential in terms of upgrading coals.

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