It is founded that аn outbred Wistar line rats are susceptible to oral infection with bovine leukemia virus. Pathognomonic for leukemia changes such as neoplastic processes, as well as hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma, mastocytoma and fibrosarcoma in spleen were revealed in rats, when feeding them milk of BLV-infected and affected with leukemia cows. Progressive signs of intoxication, endocrine disorders and development of malignant processes were revealed by biochemical studies of the rats’ blood serum, regardless of whether the milk of infected or affected with leukemia cows was fed to them. In the offspring of experimental animals pronounced signs of liver, kidney and myocardium damages were observed.

No abstract

Microspectral analysis is a highly informative way to study the morphofunctional status of cells, including immunocompetent ones. Purpose of the study was an application it for studding of lymphocytes in cattle with enzootic leukemia and viral immunodeficiency. It is important for diagnostics and differential diagnostics of diseases, as well as for analyzing of animal homeostasis and making a prognosis of the disease. Spectral analysis of stained with a Leukodif 200 kit agranulocytes was carried out using the universal color analyzer microscope-spectrophotometer LOMO MSFU-K. The value of the light absorption intensity was measured in the spectrum from 300 to 700 nm. The results of microspectral analysis showed that for cows’ lymphocytes with combined pathology (BLV/BIV), the absorption values in the spectrum of Eosin U and Azure II were 351.2 ± 17.6 and 751.4 ± 37.6 counts, respectively. For animals with BLV and BIV mono-infection, these indicators were 253.3 ± 12.7; 383.3 ± 19.2 and 371.5 ± 18.5; 500.2 ± 24.9 counts. While in intact cows, these indicators were registered at the level of 210.3 ± 10.5 and 173.6 ± 8.6 counts. In intact animals, the acidic and basic components ratio in the cell was uniformly proportional, the ratio coefficient was 0.83 ± 0.04. For BIV, BLV and BLV/BIV-infected animals, this coefficient was 1.34 ± 0.06, 1.51 ± 0.08 and 2.13 ± 0.11, that was in 1.6, 1.8 and 2.6 times higher than in intact animals, which might be an indicator of metabolic acidosis in the cell.

The results of the comparative analysis of morphometric and elastic parameters of the fixed lymphocytes from intact and infected with viral immunodeficiency and leukemia cats using atomic force microscopy are presented. It is found that the adhesive properties and the roughness of the cell surface of cats’ lymphocytes with FeLV and FeLV - FIV infection are reduced by 27 – 45 % and 19 – 32 %, respectively. These indicators in the lymphocytes of FIV infected cats did not significantly differ from the intact cats’ lymphocytes. An increase in the Young’s modulus of lymphocytes in cats with retroviral infection of 9 - 16 % compared to the control has been shown. It is found that lymphocytes from cats with retroviral infection are characterized by a decrease in volume at 36 - 77 % compared to the control cats’ lymphocytes. Intact animals’ lymphocytes have a domed shape, whereas infected cats’ cells have a greater perimeter and length with reduced height. Peculiarities of blood lymphocytes in FIV, FeLV and FeLV - FIV infected cats can be important in the study of immunological mechanisms in the retrovirus pathogenesis.

Abstract. Microspectral analysis is a highly informative way to study the morphofunctional status of cells, including immunocompetent ones. Purpose of the study was an application it for studding of bovine lymphocytes in cattle with enzootic leukemia and viral immunodeficiency, which is important for diagnostics and differential diagnostics of diseases, as well as for analyzing of animal homeostasis and making a prognosis of the disease. Leukemia and immunodeficiency are classified as hematopathological processes. Therefore, we used the hematological method as a comparative method. Spectral analysis of stained with a Leukodif 200 kit agranulocytes was carried out using the universal color analyzer microscope-spectrophotometer LOMO MSFU-K. The value of the light absorption intensity was measured in the visible-light spectrum from 300 to 700 nm. The results of microspectral analysis showed that for cows’ lymphocytes with combined pathology (BLV/BIV), the absorption values in the spectrum of eosin U and azure II were 351.2 ± 17.6 and 751.4 ± 37.6 counts, respectively. For animals with BLV and BIV mono-infection, these indicators were 253.3 ± 12.7; 383.3 ± 19.2 and 371.5 ± 18.5; 500.2 ± 24.9 counts. While in intact cows, these indicators were registered at the level of 210.3 ± 10.5 and 173.6 ± 8.6 counts. In intact animals, the acidic and basic components ratio in the cell was uniformly proportional, the ratio coefficient was 0.83 ± 0.04. For BIV-, BLV- and BLV/BIV-infected animals, this coefficient was 1.34 ± 0.06, 1.51 ± 0.08 and 2.13 ± 0.11, that was in 1.6, 1.8 and 2.6 times higher than in intact animals, which might be an indicator of metabolic acidosis in the cell. The scientific novelty of the research is that the signs of hypoxia and inflammation detected by hematological analysis correlate with the results of microspectral analysis and indicate a change in the homeostasis of the infected animal’s organism, including at the cell level.