The study, which included four groups of growing young pigs (each consisting of 30 animals), was arranged under conditions of the Bryansk meat-processing plant and laboratories of the Ernst Federal Research Center of Animal Husbandry. The duration of the experiment was 113 days. Animals of the group 1 (control) were fed with the SK-4, SK-5 and SK-6 mixed fodders without any probiotic additives. The Groups 2 and 3 were fed by a mixed fodder supplemented with the Enzymesporin probiotic (0.5 and 1.0 kg t-1, respectively). The Group 4 was fed by a mixed fodder supplemented with the Virginiamycin antibiotic (250 g t-1). The feeding of different concentrations of the Enzymesporin probiotic complex and Virginiamycin antibiotic to the growing young pigs of the experimental Groups 2, 3, and 4 provided the average daily liveweight gain equal to 771.4, 775.4, and 818.8 g (5.8, 6.5, and 12.2%), respectively, as compared to the control. Addition of different dosages of the probiotic complex or the antibiotic to the fodder fed to the growing young pigs (Groups 2, 3, and 4) did not result in a significant increase in the lysozyme and bactericidal activity of blood serum and the phagocytic activity, though a tendency to the phagocytic index increase was observed. Addition of the probiotic complex to forage did not provide any negative impact on the intestinal microbiocoenosis; moreover, it positively influenced on the growth of lactobacteria.

No abstract

Приводится аналитический обзор по истории изучения флоры водоемов, которые разделены на четыре периода: 1) XVII-XIX вв.; 2) с середины XIX в. до 1917 г.; 3) с 1917 по 1980 г.; 4) современный этап-конец XX столетия и начало XXI. Показано, что изученность этапов исторического развития (флорогенеза) водной и прибрежноводной флоры водоемов юга Обь-Иртышского междуречья, да и Западной Сибири в целом, далеко не полная. Слабо изучено влияние лимитирующих абиотических факторов на распределение водных и прибрежно-водных растений в экосистемах, пути анализа и оценки антропогенного воздействия на гидрофильную флору. Ключевые слова: флора, растительность, история изучения, этапы, водные растения, береговые растения, водоемы.

In the article, a comprehensive evaluation of the role of organic farming in the formation of the crop and the nutritional value of perspective varieties cultivated within the climatic zone of Western Siberia is considered. The most favorable conditions for growing potatoes in the Altai Region of the Western Siberia are compared with other regions of Russia and those of foreign countries. In the southern and southeastern regions of the Altai region, where the formation of tubers coincides with the hot period of the first half of summer, the high soil temperature negatively affects the eyes of the tubers. Therefore, the seed material here rapidly degenerates. To avoid this, summer potatoes are planted. Irrigation ensures high and stable potato yields irrespective of weather conditions. Moisture content of soil during the period from planting potatoes to shoots should be maintained at the level of 65-70 per cent, in the budding and flowering phases -of 75-85 per cent and during the period from the beginning of wilting of potato tops -of 60-65 per cent. The number of irrigations, their terms and standards, are determined by taking into account soil-climatic conditions, the phase of plant development and the application area of a crop. The most effective irrigation method is sprinkling. The irrigation norm ranges from 500 to 800 m3 per hectare. On irrigated lands, plowing of potato fields is carried out necessarily with a soil cultivator, preventing the formation of a plow pan. Rows are located across the slope, or angle-wise. After watering space between rows are loosened (on heavy soils also before watering). During irrigation process it is necessary to apply higher quantities of organic and mineral fertilizers and to carry out a set of measures to control weeds, pests and diseases of potatoes.

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