The aim: To study the constitutional and legal principles and the influence of various factors on the mechanism of realization of somatic rights in the process of biomedical research. Materials and methods: Formal-logical methods of analysis and synthesis allowed to reveal the content of the concepts that make up the subject of research, to classify them, as well as to formulate intermediate and general conclusions. The systematic method allowed to study the role and significance of somatic human rights among other human and civil rights and freedoms. Using the historical method, the doctrinal basis of the study was analyzed, and the main stages of the formation of biomedical research with human participation were identified. Conclusions: The historiography of somatic human rights in biomedical research in a broad sense is a field of scientific knowledge. Studies the development of constitutional and legal science and its patterns; in the narrow sense, it is a set of works on various problems of the history of modern constitutionalism, human rights, the influence of religion on human rights and the mechanism of their implementation and protection in a certain historical period.

The aim: To study the combination of medical, legal, ethical principles and regulations in the field of transplantology, as one of the key problems of bioethics. Materials and methods: Formal-logical methods of analysis and synthesis allowed to reveal the content of the concepts that make up the subject of research, to classify them, as well as to formulate intermediate and general conclusions. The systematic method allowed to study the role and significance of human right to transplantation among other somatic human and civil rights and freedoms. Using the historical method, the doctrinal basis of the study was analyzed, and the main stages of the formation of human right to transplantation were identified. Conclusions: The level of modern development of the Institute of Transplantology depends primarily on the tolerance of the society itself regarding the concept of brain death. The actual normalization of the concept of death in one or another state determines the level of realization of the human right to organ and tissue transplantation. Regarding the reform of the current legislation in the field of transplantology, as one of the key problems of bioethics, first of all, moral principles should be taken into account (at the same time, today morality in its development is even slightly ahead of the development of international law, although progressive principles of legal regulation of transplantation processes have been distinguished at the international level ). Therefore, during the development of norms of both international and national law regarding transplantology, existing moral principles should be taken as a basis. At the same time, one should not forget that a necessary factor is the presentation of a number of issues for public discussion, as well as their discussion at scientific and practical conferences not only of doctors and lawyers, but also of theologians and philosophers.

The article is devoted to coverage features the use of public information in social networks. The author draws attention to the occurrence of criminal responsibility for public expression in social networks.

No abstract

It is indicated that the military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine caused the largest displacement of citizens of our country. Most of our citizens were accepted by Poland. Since the beginning of the full-scale invasion, almost 6 million people have crossed its border (perhaps a certain part did not stop in Poland, but moved on to Europe). At the same time, many people are returning home. Everyone's reasons for returning are individual, one of them is the financial difficulties faced by citizens abroad, despite the help provided to them by both EU states and volunteers. It was noted that the concepts of "refugees" and "displaced persons (internally displaced persons)" are by no means identical from a legal point of view. An internally displaced person is a person who was forced to leave his place of residence as a result of or in order to avoid the negative consequences of armed conflict, temporary occupation, widespread manifestations of violence, violations of human rights and emergency situations of a natural or man-made nature. It is emphasized that internally displaced persons remain within their own country, unlike refugees. The legal definition of a "refugee" may differ slightly in different countries of the world, but its key characteristic is forced migration beyond the borders of one's country of origin and seeking asylum abroad. It was noted that the digitalization policy is aimed at facilitating the interaction between people and the state. When a country becomes "digital", it attracts the attention of investors. Building a digital country is a course for economic success. So far, it is difficult to talk about successes or failures in this area, since we are only at the beginning of this journey. However, we can already say that Ukraine is developing in the direction of the European Union, actively introducing digital technologies. In the conditions of war, in order to protect the rights of refugees and IDPs, it is digitalization that contributes to the harmonious functioning of the mechanism for protecting the rights of the above-mentioned persons.