У статті наведено приклад визначення необхідної площі легкоскидних конструкцій (далі – ЛСК) для вибухонебезпечного приміщення. Зокрема, наведені приклади для визначення максимально нормальної швидкості поширення полум’я у суміші газів, ступеня стиснення продуктів горіння під час вибуху у замкнутому об’ємі з концентрацією горючої речовини, яка відповідає СНКМП, ступінь стиснення продуктів горіння під час вибуху у замкнутому об’ємі з концентрацією горючої речовини, що відповідає Vн.max, коефіцієнта ступеня заповнення об’єму приміщення пожежовибухонебезпечною сумішшю та її участі у вибуху, значення показника інтенсифікації горіння, коефіцієнта, що враховує ступінь заповнення об’єкта приміщення пожежовибухонебезпечною сумішшю, густини горючого середовища за певної концентрації горючої речовини. Встановлено алгоритм дії під час оцінювання необхідної площі ЛСК. Визначено необхідну площу ЛСК для складського приміщення розмірами 15 м х 10 м х 5 м, у якому зберігаються балони з пропан-бутаном за умови витоку газу в кількості 21,2 кг.

The article highlights the essence and concepts, and the content of land-agro-technological passport of an agricultural enterprise as a scientific basis for environmentally safe and cost-effective land use, ensuring adequate productivity of soil cover, protecting it from degradation processes. The basis of ecologically safe land use of the enterprise is the productivity of soils for growing major crops within the zone of their location, which is expressed by the degree of compliance of soil properties with agricultural requirements of plants and opportunities to achieve appropriate yields. The graphic materials substantiate and show the soil-technological characteristics of crop rotation fields, cartogram of agrochemical characteristics of soils, restrictions on property rights and land use. The passport will serve as a reliable legal document for control over the rational use and protection of agricultural land.

The article highlights the essence of the concept of agricultural land use, its formation and development as a result of the transformation processes in land relations during land reform. The concept of land use has been substantiated, which in the scientific interpretation is used in a double sense, namely: as a system of land use, regulated by law for different categories of land, landowners and land users; as a territory, land owned or used. Considerable attention has been paid to the analysis and interpretation of the concepts of transformation, land use, reform and their derivatives, which led to the search for the optimal definition of the concept of transformation of agricultural land use. It has been found that in market conditions, based on the implementation of transformation processes, there was a significant reduction in the area of arable land and an increase in ecologically stabilizing lands (hayfields, pastures) and wooded areas. This has a positive effect on solving environmental problems in the field of agriculture. However, practical experience confirms that such positive changes in land use will occur only if the structure of the land fund is improved. That is, degraded unproductive lands must be removed from active cultivation.

Theoretical and methodological approaches to the natural-agricultural zoning of the territory of Ukraine in modern conditions to ensure ecologically balanced, economically efficient and socially oriented use of agricultural land have been highlighted in the article. They are due to large-scale challenges: global warming, which requires changes and clarification of zonal boundaries at the state level (natural and agricultural zones, provinces and districts); aggressive Russian-Ukrainian war, which causes a number of mechanical, physical and chemical negative effects on the soil cover. In particular, where hostilities took place and are taking place (Kyiv, Chernihiv, Sumy, Kharkiv, Luhansk, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, Kherson and Mykolaiv regions); viral contamination of agricultural plants and soils as a result of violation of crop rotation as an important phytosanitary means of protecting plants and soil from viral infections. According to virologists, the man-made load on the natural environment today and in the near future will increase rather than decrease, and more and more new, including genetically modified, cultivated plants will enter the agrocenoses. The problems of ecological balance in agrocenosis will become more and more important, and the issue of the spread of phytovirus infections and their harmfulness in the future may be considered one of the most acute. The specified challenges determine the need to make significant changes, especially in the limits of the natural-agricultural zoning of the territory of the state, as well as the corresponding taxonomic units (natural-agricultural district — as an area of the territory, within which there is a leveled dependence of crop production, mainly agriculture, on climatic conditions and soil cover of agricultural land, in particular arable land. Microdistrict differences of these factors must be significant). These changes should be made on the basis of a continuous large-scale soil survey.

The article has highlighted the experience of the United States in crediting land based on productivity. In Ukraine soil classification was carried out in the section of soil groups according to their main natural properties, which have a stable nature and significantly affect the yield of agricultural crops grown in specific soil and climatic conditions. Complete work on soil grading on agricultural lands in Ukraine was carried out in 1993 within the boundaries of natural-agricultural districts and regions. Integral natural properties of soils reflect the credit score. These properties are divided into basic and modified. The main ones include the following: humus content, capacity of the humus horizon, the content of physical clay (particles up to 0.01 mm). The modified are mainly salinity, erosion, etc. Credit assessment of soil quality is presented in relative values — points on a closed 100-point scale. In contrast to Ukraine, in the United States land credit rating is carried out according to their productivity. Quantitative characterization of land productivity was carried out using two methodological approaches: inductive and deductive. The inductive assessment of productivity is given solely based on the estimated impact of different lands and soil properties on the potential yield. Deductive assessment, on the contrary, is based only on yield data on different soils. Most land valuations combine both approaches. It should be noted that thanks to the improvement of modern computer technology, it became possible to collect and process a large amount of information about land resources, which makes it possible to create mathematical simulation models, search programs, and computerized data banks. This is greatly facilitated by the development of remote sensing, new measuring devices, and map printing systems. This experience will contribute to the improvement of land resource assessment methods in Ukraine as well, despite the serious challenges that exist in the country.