Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is an acute infectious disease that attacks livestock, thus threatening the availability of food and the husbandry industry. This paper discusses the formulation of a mathematical model for the spread of FMD in livestock with a saturated incidence rate. The research method used is quantitative mathematical modeling with simulation, with stages including problem identification, determining assumptions, model formulation, analysis and model simulation. The discussion results obtained two equilibrium points, namely the non-endemic equilibrium point and the endemic equilibrium point, and then analyzed for stability. Numerical simulation is presented using Runge-Kutta approximation with MATLAB. Furthermore, after a sensitivity analysis, the parameters that greatly influenced the spread of FMD were direct or indirect contact (which led to the entry of the FMD virus) and the supporting capacity of livestock. Then the most influential parameter in reducing the spread of FMD is the application of culling on exposed animals and infected animals. The FMD modeling is a form of mathematical application to simulate the spread of disease on livestock.

Ship operating costs are dominated by fuel oil purchases. Furthermore, monitoring of fuel consumption on ships is less noticed, because of the officer concerns on how the ship can move to the destination. The purpose of this research is which knowing the correction that must be done and the impact of fuel oil consumption through flowmeter in ship is corrected using ASTM-IP. The subject of this research is four ships at PT. S. I. Ship Management with specific gravity (SG) of 0,9601. The results of the study showed that the output data flowmeter on the parent machine should be multiplied by the factor for reducing the volume to 15o C in ASTM-IP and it impacts the accuracy in the reporting of fuel consumption. As a result, operational costs are reduced and shipping companies sell their services competitively.