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The pure bending of a rectangular beam about an axis parallel to a principal axis of its cross-section is well understood if its depth d is comparable in magnitude with its breadth b. The usual theory, noticing the geometrical fact that at any cross-section the longitudinal strains of filaments of the beam are proportional to the distances of the filaments from some neutral axis parallel to the axis of bending, postulates that the longitudinal stresses will vary in the same way.

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