This chapter focuses on the various urban surveillance and control methods for dengue disease vectors. The surveillance methods that are described include the following: container incides, collection of eggs by ovitraps, and collection of adults. Control methods reviewed in the chapter include the following: control of aquatic stages; source reduction; community-based control; control of larvae; control of adults; other measures such as protection of water storage containers and water supply, use of autocidal and tire ovitraps, use of lethal ovitraps, and personal protection measures. The chapter also discusses the controversy on ULV aerosols and their impact on the dengue vector transmission cycle; insecticide resistance; vector eradication controversies; and, the politics of emergency vector control.
We examined the potential impacts of climate variability and chan on human health as part of a congressionally mandated study ofcimate change in the United States. Our author team, comprising experts from academia, govemment, and the private sector, was selected by the federal interagency U.S. Global Change Research Program, and this report stems fiom our first 18 months of work For this assessment we used a set of assumptions andlor projections offuture climates developed for alt participants in the National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change. We identified five categories of health outcomes that are most likely to be
Dengue activity depends on fluctuations in Aedes populations which in turn are known to be influenced by climate factors including temperature, humidity and rainfall. It has been hypothesized that haze may reduce dengue transmission. Due to its geographical location Singapore suffers almost every year from hazes caused by wildfires from Indonesia. Such hazes have a significant impact on pollution indexes in Singapore. We set out to study the relationship of dengue activity and haze (measured as pollution standard index) in Singapore, using ARIMA models. We ran different univariate models, each encompassing a different lag period for the effects of haze and temperature (from lag 0 to lag 12 weeks). We analysed the data on a natural logarithmic scale to stabilize the variance and improve the estimation. No association between dengue activity and haze was found. Our findings do not lend support to the hypothesis that haze is associated with reduced dengue activity in Singapore.
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