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Abstract:The present work focuses on the environmental problem of Thebes Plain-since considerable amounts of Cr (VI) have been reported-and tries to find out the reasons of such a phenomenon and the sources of the pollution. For this issue, a complete chemical analysis of 20 samples from the study area was conducted as well as an isotopic analysis of Cr and Sr isotopes. Hexavalent chromium pollution can be triggered by human pollutant activity or specific geological environments. Stable Cr isotopic analysis gave δ 53 Cr positive values in several samples which supports the second hypothesis, but the limitations of that theory do not allow safe conclusions in all cases. Nitrates and Sr ratios suggest fertilizer contamination and the presence of SiO 2 -leaching of silicate rocks.