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Objective To investigate the long term outcome of patients with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Design A retrospective study using information obtained from patient casenotes. Sample One hundred and thirty‐three women with a primary diagnosis of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), identified during a 15‐year period. Results The diagnosis of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia increased throughout the study period. Human papilloma virus changes were noted in 104 patients (78%); these women were significantly younger than those without (P≤ 0.001). Nineteen (14%) were managed by observation or medical treatment and the remainder by surgical methods. Histological or symptomatic recurrence after surgical treatment occurred in 55 (48%). When disease recurred, it usually did so within four years of treatment. Recurrence was more common following laser vapourisation than after local excision (75%vs 40%; P≤ 001). Progression to invasive disease occurred in nine patients (7%), none of whom were in the group being observed. Four deaths occurred in this group, three from gynaecological malignancies of the lower genital tract. Conclusions Patients with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia require long term follow up, and the risk of invasion may be higher than previously thought. Surgical treatment when required should be by excisional rather than ablative methods in most instances. In selected cases it is also possible to safely manage patients by more conservative methods.

A review that discusses the key prognostic factors that influence local recurrence in vulval cancer.