Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAM) are rare intracranial vascular anomalies typically found in children. The anatomic landmark of a VGAM is the presence of multiple arteriovenous shunts draining into a dilated median prosencephalic vein, an embryonic vessel normally absent at the adult stage. This article reviews the developmental anatomy, the clinical presentation, and the current management of VGAM.

The phenomenon of aggression experienced by community mental health staff is explored in the present study. Qualitative and quantitative data were elicited in a self-report questionnaire completed by 92 community mental health workers from a metropolitan Area Health Service. Findings indicate that 96% of community mental health workers experienced some form of aggression in the course of their work, 25% felt that their life had been threatened and 7% sustained physical injuries. Issues in need of attention are the normalization of aggression and subsequent lack of incident reporting, and the appropriateness of staff safety training for community mental health settings.

The relationship between mental health services and police and people who have mental health problems, are suicidal or are drug- and/or alcohol-affected is examined in this paper. A survey of 131 police officers in Sydney, Australia, revealed that more than 10% of police time is spent dealing with people with mental health problems. Nevertheless, police felt unsupported in this role, unprepared for it and torn between the competing demands experienced in their work. A lack of confidence in dealing with suicidal people and a belief that work with mentally disturbed people does not constitute valid police work are also reported. Managing people with mental disturbance is a major concern for police. Specifically, there are difficulties relating to: inadequate training and education; deficiencies in services/resources; time and resource over-utilization; communication, liaison and feedback problems, and frustration related to accessing mental health facilities/services. It is argued that police work involving mentally disturbed people is a valid and necessary role that complements law enforcement. In order to facilitate this aspect of police work, recommendations are made regarding education and collaborative working relationships between police and mental health professionals, which, in turn, could improve the care of mentally disturbed people in the community.