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The anatomy of the pituitary gland of the Plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus) is described. The pituitary gland in various physiological states has been investigated in order to localise the secretory sites of the trophic hormones. The various cell types of the pituitary gland were distinguished on the basis of their morphological characteristics, tinctorial properties and differential solubilities of the protein hormones in trichloroacetic acid solutions. Two cell types were found in the pars tuberalis, three cell types in the pars intermedia and six chromophi1 cell types in the pars anterior. Their possible functions are discussed.