This review of the literature presents current understanding about the etiology, pathogenesis, complications, contemporary methods of treatment, outcomes, and the tactics of managing patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limbs. Analysis of the data in a literature shows that despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of DVT of the lower extremities, there are still many unresolved problems in terms of complex treatment and prevention of severe consequences of this pathology. The advent of new oral anticoagulants has led to a significant reduction in the incidence of post-thrombotic disease. However, the severity of post-thrombotic disease directly depends on the effectiveness of treatment in acute period of DVT, as well as the presence of hereditary risk factors. In this regard, the optimization of therapy in acute phase of disease and further rehabilitation therapy, management of patients in the long-term period, aimed at better recanalization of thrombosed segments of the lower limbs deep veins, seem to be relevant, requiring further research.