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Thermoacoustic refrigeration, a novel technology, uses eco-friendly gases like helium, air or the mixture of noble gases as working substances in the absence of moving parts. The design, optimization and analysis of thermoacoustic refrigerators using helium and air as oscillating gases are discussed. Pure helium is chosen since it is proven as the best and economical working gas compared to the alternate pure or the mixture of noble gases. Air is chosen since it is abundant in nature and the least cost of the pressurized dry air cylinders. The design optimization strategies discussed in this paper serve as a guide for aspiring researchers in the design and development of thermoacoustic coolers. Cooling power as a function of stack diameter is discussed. Theoretical results of the optimized coolers are compared with DeltaEC simulation results for validation and are in agreement with each other.

Nowadays organizations are facing high attrition rate because of abundant job opportunities in the competitive market, to retain skilled and talented workforce is the major challenge that is faced by majority of organizations. To improve retention rate organizations need to consider human factors, while designing job. These human factors include Quality of Work Life and Employee Commitment. The present review paper addresses the factors associated with components of QWL and components of Employee Commitment. From the study is identified that employee commitment has three components they are Affective, Normative, Continuance commitment and QWL is a multidimensional construct it includes job satisfaction, adequate pay, work environment, organizational culture etc, these factors affects on the employee performance, productivity, absenteeism, retention rate etc. These QWL components may affect on the commitment of employees towards the organization, it may also enhance retention rate.

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