A Wireless sensor network consists of many devices called as sensor nodes which communicate with each other, to sense the parameters of the environment in which they have been deployed. Sensor nodes communicate with each other using wireless communication techniques and these techniques are governed by routing protocols. Traditional routing protocols cannot be used in WSNs because of the inherent nature of WSNs that distinguishes it from other wireless networks. Performance of the Wireless sensor network depends on the routing protocol hence an extensive survey of the challenges and issues faced during the design of the routing protocols is presented in this paper. Major categories of routing protocols are discussed in detail in this paper. Energy efficient routing protocols are emphasized further.

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Organizing trust in Ad Hoc network is a challenging task when environment cooperation is critical to achieving system goals such as reliability and scalability. Ad Hoc networks are easily accessible due to its dynamic nature. The main issue is to assure secure network services. In order to achieve this, a secure organizing trust aware routing is always research challenge in Mobile Adhoc Networks. This paper organizes the trust level to improve trust organization system in MANET by achieving attack resistance. To achieve attack resistance level, we contribute our research by understanding trust factors in MANET. This paper has been prepared keeping in mind that it needs to prove itself to be a valued resource dealing with both the important core and the focused security issues in this area.