A prototype of a nitro compound vapor and trace detector, which uses the pyrolysis method and a capacitive gas sensor based on the metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) structure type Pd–SiO2–Si, was developed and manufactured. It was experimentally established that the detection limit of trinitrotoluene trace for the detector prototype is 1 × 10−9 g, which corresponds to concentration from 10−11 g/cm3 to 10−12 g/cm3. The prototype had a response time of no more than 30 s. The possibility of further improving the characteristics of the prototype detector by reducing the overall dimensions and increasing the sensitivity of the MIS sensors is shown.

A simple method is demonstrated for hydrogen concentrations measurement directly in transformer oil and in the gas space above it use a highly sensitive (at the level of units and fractions of ppm) gas sensor based on a metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitive structure (MIS sensor). The results obtained can be used in online monitoring systems and predicting the power transformers integral performance, in particular those that have been put into operation long ago, by tracking slow and invisible at the initial stage aging processes of current-carrying connections and structural elements.

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