The paper presents technical solutions to improve the energy efficiency of growing greenhouse vegetables using artificial irradiation. The authors describe the technology of controlling the flow of thermal energy during irradiating of plants. A comparison of the developed technology with the fifth generation Ultra Clima greenhouse technology has been carried out. Key technical solutions have been identified, the introduction of which increases the efficiency of using thermal energy by 6%, increases the area irradiated by a single irradiator by 2.5% while maintaining photosynthetically active irradiation reaching the biocenoses, and provides an increase in the yield of vegetable crops by 2-5%. It has been established that with equal economic conditions of greenhouse growing of vegetables, the savings in energy costs compared to Ultra Clima technology is 5-6%, depending on the climatic conditions of the environment.
Agriculture is a key sector of the economy that ensures food security in the region and the country as a whole. The peculiarity of the functioning of agriculture is determined by such factors as the riskiness of activity, high intersectoral competition, dependence on natural and climatic conditions and seasonality. Agriculture is the industry most dependent on state support, and the provided state support is not sufficient to increase the profitability of agricultural production and ensure investment attractiveness. A significant differentiation between the necessary resource support for agricultural production and the state support received determines the need for a science-based approach to studying the issue of state support for agriculture. The article provides an assessment of the institutional features and the effectiveness of the distribution of state subsidies in the region. The sources of subsidies, organizational and legal forms of recipients, and directions of state support were selected as estimates. The analysis shows that most of the subsidies are received by agricultural organizations having the legal form of a limited liability company. The level of state support for agriculture did not affect the number of small and medium enterprises and the value of their turnover, which allows us to assess the effect of subsidies as insufficient. The greatest effect of state support was identified among producers of grain and milk.
The article is devoted to the problems of protecting and developing traditions and ways of life of indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North through employment. Stability of northern clans is reviewed through the problems related to the development of nature’s potential and the use of the northern territories’ biological resources, the creation of supporting agrarian zones in the inhabited areas and formation of relevant production infrastructure. The article addresses development directions of such traditional industries and trades of the North as reindeer herding, hunting and fishing, and gathering of forest foods. The authors chose for the research the Taymyr Dolgan-Nenets District and the Evenkiysky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, which are home to a large group of indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North. Research methods include analysis of official and analytical reports, publications, regulations, results of field surveys, and economic calculations. It has been established that the districts under research have substantial resources for the development of traditional northern industries and trades. Having generalized the collected materials, the authors assessed the reserves of the areas’ biological resources, and potential production volumes for the traditional industries and trades, as well as determined locations for production infrastructure facilities. The main constraints to the development of the traditional industries and trades are the poor development of transportation infrastructure, the difficulties related to the export of goods from the areas, the monopolistic nature of the procurement of goods from indigenous peoples, and changes in the state approach to the management of northern territories.
The article presents the results of studies of value chains for certain types of food. The Siberian Federal District was selected as the study region. The study is important to identify intercompany relations between economic agents of the food market. To obtain the results, statistical-economic and computational-constructive methods of studying the structure of income and costs in the value chains of products, as well as a graphical interpretation of information are used. The authors determined that agricultural organizations create the highest value of intermediate consumption in the production and sale of products, but only in the value chains of milk and pork have the largest share of total profit. It was also established that the state receives the most taxes from the production and sale of one kilogram of beef. The role of intermediaries in the chains under consideration is insignificant, but retail chains have the strongest positions.
This article examines the socio-economic sphere of life of the rural population at the level of the region and individual municipal districts. The aim of the work was to obtain objective assessments of the level of social and economic well-being of the rural population and determine the list of infrastructure facilities, the introduction of which will lead to an improvement in living conditions in rural areas. The object of the study was the rural areas of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the quality of life of rural households. The research methodology was based on the use of the index method for aggregating data characterizing various aspects of the social well-being of a rural resident. As a result of the study, it was found that most of the rural population of the region under consideration lives in conditions that are significantly different from living in an urban environment. The disproportions in the level of income, housing improvement, the availability of social engineering infrastructure, and the availability of basic social services are highlighted. About 63% of rural residents do not have access to centralized water supply, heat supply and sewerage systems. The problem of wear and tear of fixed assets in healthcare, education, and transport infrastructure is critical. The highest degree of compliance of rural living conditions with urban standards of social comfort is observed in the regions of the Far North, which have a special legal status and industrial specialization of the territorial economy. Rural territories with a predominantly agrarian type of economy cannot provide the necessary volume of investment in fixed assets, mass employment and an acceptable level of income for rural households.
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