Treatment of odontogenic phlegmon of the maxillofacial region remains an urgent problem of surgical dentistry due to the steady increase in their frequency, tendency to generalize the process and adverse effects. In this regard, there is a constant search for ways to improve the effectiveness of treatment of patients with odontogenic phlegmons of maxillofacial region. New technologies of drug treatment of this pathology are developed and put into practice. In recent years the attention of researchers in various conditions accompanied by the development of oxidative stress began to attract drugs that have antioxidant action, as it became known that the excess of reactive oxygen species in the regenerating wounds in the hearth of purulent inflammation affects the course of the course, wound healing. Interest in the treatment of various pathological conditions of the body is caused by the domestic antioxidant multifunctional enzyme "Bioceruline" which is composed of copper. In this regard, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of "Biocerulin" in the complex treatment of patients with odontogenic phlegmon of maxillofacial region. The object of the clinical study was 45 patients with odontogenic phlegmons of the maxillofacial region from 18 to 55 years old, who were treated in the maxillofacial department of PU "Poltava M.V. Sklifosovskyi regional clinical hospital PRC». All patients were without somatic pathology in compensated clinical condition. Immediately after hospitalization, patients underwent an emergency opening of purulent lesion, revision and adequate drainage of the affected cellular spaces, removal of the "causal" tooth. The extent of surgery and the choice of optimal access depended on the location and prevalence of phlegmon. Depending on the treatment, patients were divided into comparison groups (22 patients) and the main group (23 patients). The traditional therapy was used in the comparison group. "Biocerulin"was prescribed for the patients of the main group in addition to the traditional therapy. Analysis of obtained data in the treatment of patients with phlegmon revealed that both groups of patients had clear differences in the clinical course of purulent-inflammatory process. On the 2nd day after the opening of the phlegmon theweakness, headache, and sleep disorders were noted in the most of the patients of the comparison group who received traditional therapy. Pain with varying degrees of intensity was present in all patients. Improvement of the general condition of patients of this group was noted not earlier than 3-5 days after surgery. The improvement of the general condition and reduction of pain, normalization or decrease in body temperature, the beginning of restoration of function of the jaw apparatuswere notedin patients of the main group on the background of the introduction of "Bioceruline" already on the 2-3rd day after surgery. Thus, on the basis of the conducted researches it is possible to conclude that the basic (traditional) conservative therapeutic measures used for patients of the comparison group are not effective enough for the relief of the local and general inflammatory process, which caused the prolonged nature of organ-specific and functional rehabilitation of patients as a whole. The use of "Bioceruline" in complex therapy of patients with odontogenicphlegmons of the maxillofacial regionprovides rapid and intensive recovery of the general condition of patients and accelerates reparative processes in the wound and shortens the treatment time via 1.4 bed-days.

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The problem of surgical infections is an urgent problem of medicine today. Despite the improvement of the quality of medical care, improvement of known and discovery of new methods of treatment, the number of patients with this pathology has a clear temporary tendency to increase. Features of the anatomical structure of the maxillofacial area determine the clinical originality of purulent inflammatory diseases, which are characterized by rapidly progressing course and spread with the generalization of the process. As etiological factors for purulent inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area can be diseases of the skin of the face and neck, lymph nodes, ENT diseases. The leading role in purulent inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area is occupied by odontogenic cause. The aim of the study. Investigate the structure and frequency of purulent inflammatory diseases in residents of Poltava region. Material and methods. The Department of Maxillofacial Surgery is located on the basis of Poltava Regional Clinical Hospital, provides specialized and high-tech assistance to residents of Poltava region. During the period 2015-2019, a total of 3927 patients were treated, of which purulent inflammatory diseases of the face and neck occurred in 1281 (30.1%): phlegmon - in 582 (44.4%), abscesses - in 699 (55, 5%). Sepsis was complicated by surgical infection in 9 patients (0.9%). All patients underwent a clinical examination to clarify complaints, medical history, studied the data of objective examination of the general condition, careful assessment of local status (localization of the process, discoloration, skin temperature, edema, tissue infiltration, checked the amplitude of mouth opening, studied dental formula). All patients underwent a general clinical examination, the results of microbiological monitoring of bacterial cultures were studied. Additional instrumental methods of examination were performed: CT of soft tissues in 35 (3.89%), ultrasound of soft tissues of the neck - in 123 (13.76%), orthopantomography - in 640 (52.38%), radiography of the neck - in 43 (5.1%). Among the diseases that form a severe premorbid background, the most significant role is played by HIV and diabetes. Microbiological monitoring has identified as the most common microflora of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus mitis. Adequately performed surgery in combination with active complex therapy in the postoperative period, including in addition to traditional therapy “Biocerulin”, allows to reduce the duration of inpatient treatment to 7.3 + 0.3 (in the control group when using traditional dressings - 11 , 5 + 0,5) and ensures the absence of fatalities. Conclusions. Purulent inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area are an urgent problem of surgery, accounting for 9.8% of those hospitalized in the department of maxillofacial surgery. A significant predominance of the most able-bodied age group (41.0%) puts the problem of the disease in the category of socially significant. The leading role of odontogenic causes of purulent inflammatory diseases indicates the lateness of patients in dental clinics, the neglect of oral hygiene and the timeliness of remedial measures. Early surgery in combination with antibacterial therapy in accordance with microbiological monitoring and the use of “Biocerulin”, allows to achieve satisfactory immediate results of treatment.

As the trend to look beautiful is growing, so does the number of patients seeking reconstructive and aesthetic facial surgery, which leads to the rapid development of this field. To date, there exists a large number of techniques to eliminate a scar deformity, but none of them guarantees the optimal cosmetic effect. The purpose of the study. The study aims to search for and analyze scientific sources related to the prevention of pathological scars in Ukraine and the world. Materials and methods of research. To study the research materials, the bibliosemantic and analytical methods have been applied to process literature data, as well as research materials posted on the Internet. Skin is the largest human organ whose total surface area ranges from 1.7 to 2.6 m2 and can vary depending on height and weight. It acts as the main protective barrier from the environment. Violation of this barrier after injury, burns, or surgical resection can lead to chronic wounds and scars that affect patients physically and emotionally. Therefore, a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying wound healing can potentially improve the lives of such people, as well as stimulate the development of new prevention and treatment methods. All wounds, except for surgical ones, are initially considered to be infected. Microorganisms get into the wound along with the damaging object, soil, pieces of clothing, air, and during hand touching. Once in the wound, microorganisms can cause suppuration and complications such as erysipelas. The most dangerous way for the microorganisms to enter the wound is in the absence of air which can cause anaerobic infection (gas gangrene). Another dangerous wound complication is a tetanus infection. For its prevention, all contaminated wounds (especially, by soil) should be treated with anti-tetanus toxoid or anti-tetanus serum. Thus, wound healing is one of the most difficult processes in the human body. It includes spatial and temporal synchronization of different cell types with different roles in the phases of hemostasis, inflammation, growth, reepithelialization, and remodeling. With the development of technology, it became possible to detect the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of cell types. Discovering the role of each of these cell types and their interaction with each other is important for understanding the mechanisms of wound regeneration. The scar (Cicatrix) is a secondary morphological element of the skin, which is formed when it is damaged, and especially when the reticular dermis is damaged.  Laser therapy is used to prevent scarring, but the evidence for the effectiveness of laser treatment of surgical and hypertrophic scars, as well as keloids is somewhat insufficient, but generally suggests promising results. Multiple studies report a significant scar thickness improvement when applying the right program. Conclusion. Based on the bibliosemantic and analytical methods applied to process literature data, we believe that the study of intra- and postoperative prevention of pathological scars at different stages of their formation remains a topical issue and needs further study.