This study was developed as a research of first order streams fish assemblages located in two Conservation Units in Northwestern Paraná, Brazil, with the purpose of providing information about ichthyofauna composition of these water bodies while they are still under protection. There were captured 2,557 individuals belonging to six orders, nine families and 10 species in three streams. The most abundant species were Phalloceros harpagos (44%) from Conceição stream, Astyanax aff. paranae (14%) and P. harpagos (12%) from Jurema stream, and Melanorivulus apiamici (9%) from Conceição stream. Trichomycterus sp. could not be identified into a specific level, meaning it can represent an undescribed species to science, registered for the first time at the upper Paraná River basin.
Variations in energetic density (E D ) and the relative condition factor (K n ) of juveniles of Prochilodus lineatus were investigated to identify whether these two variables respond similarly to environmental factors. We hypothesized that fluviometric levels in different sub-basins of the Upper Paraná River floodplain positively influence the E D and K n of juvenile fish. Temporally, the values of E D and K n were linked more directly to the dynamics of the flood pulses on the plain. Spatially, the lowest values of E D and K n were observed in the environment that was directly affected by the operation of dams, the sub-basin Paraná. Although the energy density and condition factor did not show similar results for juveniles in some of the analyses, the evaluation of both parameters provided a complementary tool and additional information that enabled a more accurate investigation of the temporal and spatial dynamic processes in this Neotropical floodplain. We conclude that water level variations in different sub-basins of the Upper Paraná River floodplain considerably affect the relative condition factor and energy status of P. lineatus. We suggest that the impacts of this modification should be mitigated or avoided in order to maintain fish stocks and promote ecosystem integrity.Variações na densidade energética (E D ) e no fator de condição relativo (K n ) de juvenis de Prochilodus lineatus foram investigadas buscando identificar se estas duas variáveis respondem de forma semelhante aos fatores ambientais. Nossa hipótese é que o nível fluviométrico, em diferentes subsistemas da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, influencia positivamente o E D e K n de juvenis da espécie. Temporalmente, os valores de E D e K n estiveram relacionados mais diretamente a dinâmica de pulsos de inundação presente na planície. Espacialmente, os menores valores de E D e K n foram verificados no ambiente mais diretamente afetado pela operação das barragens, o subsistema Paraná. Apesar da densidade de energia e do fator de condição não demonstrarem resultados semelhantes para juvenis em algumas das análises, a avaliação de ambos os parâmetros forneceu uma ferramenta complementar e informações adicionais, que permitiu uma investigação mais detalhada dos processos dinâmicos temporais e espaciais nesta várzea neotropical. Conclui-se que a variação do nível de água, em diferentes subsistemas da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, afeta consideravelmente a condição corpórea e energética de P. lineatus. Nós sugerimos que impactos que modifiquem este efeito devem ser mitigados ou evitados para manter o estoque de peixes e promover a integridade do ecossistema.
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