PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions were associated with a poor prognosis and correlated with TGF-β and Foxp3 expressions in patients with CRC.

These results revealed that impaired liver regeneration was due to aging, which was expressed by decreased cell cycle and increased autophagy and apoptosis. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis for aged liver regeneration might provide a new therapeutic option for old patients.

Downregulation of STAT4 in HCC indicated aggressive tumor behavior and predicted a worse clinical outcome. STAT4 might be a useful biomarker to identify patients at high risk of recurrence after hepatectomy.

These results suggest that local HCC recurrence after RFA shows an aggressive tumor phenotype and poor prognosis through the enhanced expressions of HIF-1 and EpCAM in the residual HCC tumors after insufficient or sub-lethal treatment by RFA.

LINE-1 hypomethylation is significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC, possibly due to activation of c-MET expression.