Deep neural networks (DNNs) trained on large-scale datasets have exhibited significant performance in image classification. Many large-scale datasets are collected from websites, however they tend to contain inaccurate labels that are termed as noisy labels. Training on such noisy labeled datasets causes performance degradation because DNNs easily overfit to noisy labels. To overcome this problem, we propose a joint optimization framework of learning DNN parameters and estimating true labels. Our framework can correct labels during training by alternating update of network parameters and labels. We conduct experiments on the noisy CIFAR-10 datasets and the Clothing1M dataset. The results indicate that our approach significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.

The nature of the unconventional ordered phase occurring in CeRu2Al10 below T0 = 27 K was investigated by neutron scattering. Powder diffraction patterns show clear superstructure peaks corresponding to forbidden (h + k)-odd reflections of the Cmcm space group. Inelastic neutron scattering experiments further reveal a pronounced magnetic excitation developing in the ordered phase at an energy of 8 meV. The low-temperature behavior of intermetallic cerium compounds can be broadly typified in terms of the competition between several interaction channels (intra-atomic couplings, on-site Coulomb repulsion, hybridiza-tion between local f-electron states and itinerant conduction-band states), forming the basis of the well-known and highly successful Anderson model. 1 However, there has also been continued interest in Ce-based materials which do not seem to fit into this general framework. Among those are, for instance, the "Kondo insula-tors", as well as various compounds exhibiting multipole ordering 2 or other types of elusive "hidden order" transitions. One example of such unconventional ordering properties has been discovered very recently by Strydom 3 in the ternary compound CeRu 2 Al 10. CeRu 2 Al 10 is an YbFe 2 Al 10-type orthorhombic compound belonging to the Cmcm space group, with room-temperature lattice constants a = 9.1272Å1272Å, b = 10.282Å 282Å, and c = 9.1902Å1902Å. It has been described as a "cage" crystal structure, in which Ce atoms are separated from each other by an exceptionally large distance of 5.2 ˚ A. From the lattice constants, the Ce valence state was estimated to be close to 3+. The transport properties below room temperature are indicative of a gap in the electronic structure, 3 although the Hall effect still suggests a dominant metallic character. In this regime, the material exhibits considerable magnetic anisotropy (a: easy axis, b: hard axis). 4-6 Upon application of pressure, the system rapidly changes, first to a Kondo insulator, then to a metal above 5 GPa. 4 The striking feature of this compound is the phase transition taking place at T 0 = 27 K, which causes pronounced anomalies in various physical properties. Whereas the origin of this transition remains highly controversial, there is growing evidence that it cannot reduce to a conventional ordering of local Ce magnetic moments. The transition temperature is far too high in view of the large Ce-Ce distance and, more specifically, of the magnetic ordering temperature of 16.5 K found in GdRu 2 Al 10. 4 The drop in the magnetic susceptibility below T 0 occurring for all three magnetic field orientations H a, b, c, with an exponential behavior χ = χ 0 + A exp(−∆/T) and ∆ ∼ 100 K, is also difficult to reconcile with the behavior expected for an antiferromagnet. 4,7 Finally, 27 Al NQR/NMR experiments did not find the splitting of peaks below T 0 expected for a static order of Ce magnetic moments. 8 Alternative mechanisms such as charge-or spin-density-wave formation also have serious shortcomings. 4,8 Recently, Tanida et al. 5,7 sugge...

The nature of the unconventional ordered phase occurring in CeRu2Al10 below T0 = 27 K was investigated by neutron scattering. Powder diffraction patterns show clear superstructure peaks corresponding to forbidden (h + k)-odd reflections of the Cmcm space group. Inelastic neutron scattering experiments further reveal a pronounced magnetic excitation developing in the ordered phase at an energy of 8 meV.

Alkyl-modified crystalline silicon nanosheets 2 were synthesized and maintained the crystal structure of a Si(111) plane, in which the dangling silicon bond is stabilized by capping with the alkyl group. 2 was characterized using UV-vis, Fourier transform-infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies; X-ray diffraction; and X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis. A model structure is proposed that has a periodicity through the nanosheet surface.

We report a multi-mode interference-based optical gate switch using a Ge(2)Sb(2)Te(5) thin film with a diameter of only 1 µm. The switching operation was demonstrated by laser pulse irradiation. This switch had a very wide operating wavelength range of 100 nm at around 1575 nm, with an average extinction ratio of 12.6 dB. Repetitive switching over 2,000 irradiation cycles was also successfully demonstrated. In addition, self-holding characteristics were confirmed by observing the dynamic responses, and the rise and fall times were 130 ns and 400 ns, respectively.