Introduction People with diabetes mellitus (DM) have an increased risk for thrombosis compared with non-diabetic patients. Several studies showed contradicting in data on levels of protein C in people with type 2 DM and diabetic ulcers.Methods This is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study on protein C concentration of patients with type 2 DM with and without foot ulcers. The control group was the type 2 DM patients without foot ulcers, whereas the case group was the type 2 DM patients with a rigid diabetic foot ulcer based on the Wagner criteria. Blood samples are then taken after 8 to 10 hours of fasting to check for protein C concentration and hemostasis examination including platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen levels, and D-dimers.Results Of a total of 20 samples, there was no statistically significant difference in protein C levels of diabetic foot ulcers with hypercoagulation compared with no diabetic foot ulcers with hypocoagulation and no significant correlation between grade diabetic foot ulcers and protein C concentration.
Introduction: Breast cancer is formed from breast cells, either lobule or duct epithelium, which undergoes uncontrolled growth and development. The therapy of breast cancer to reduce mortality and morbidity can be done by way of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Doxorubicin chemotherapy is a therapeutic option to kill cells directly or by stopping the cell division based on the tumor pathogenesis.
Method: This research is a paired numerical comparative analytical study using a retrospective cohort approach. This study was conducted on 56 breast cancer patients to see the differences in myelosuppression before and after doxorubicin chemotherapy at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan from January-December 2019. The data were obtained through recording the routine blood laboratory results listed in the patient's medical record and were analyzed with dependent t-test by using SPSS. The difference is significant if p <0.05.
Result: The results showed that the average age of the research subjects was 40.79 years, 28 patients (50%) graduated from high school, 38 patients (67.9%) did not work and 53 patients (94.6%) had marital status. In a significant myelosuppression difference, anemia occured with chemotherapy Hb levels of 8.48 ± 1.09, the Hb difference in Hb prior to and after doxorubicin chemotherapy obtained a mean of 1.28 with p value <0.001.
Conclusion: Based on the demographic characteristics of patients with breast cancer, it was found that the mean age of patients with breast cancer in women was 46.79 years; most of the subject’s education level was highschool, unemployed and married status. There was a very significant difference between the subject's Hb level and breast cancer before and after doxorubicin chemotherapy.
Keywords: myelosuppression, doxorubicin, breast cancer.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.