Structural equation modeling (SEM) depicts one of the most salient research methods across a variety of disciplines, including educational management. Recent research advocates the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) as an attractive tool in action research. The purpose of this paper is to systematically examine how PLS-SEM has been applied in action research with the aim of investigating the effect of teacher’s leadership styles (transformational and transaction) and student’s motivational factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) on student engagement for implementation of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in classrooms as well as explore the mediating role of motivational factors of student between the relationship of teacher’s leadership styles and student engagement. A cross-sectional survey design was used for the study featuring a self-administrated questionnaire among the students of some selected schools in Bangladesh. The transactional leadership style of teachers influences student engagement, intrinsic, and extrinsic motivation while the transformational leadership style of teachers influences the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of the student. Both motivational factors mediated the relationship between leadership styles and student engagement. This study contributes to the literature by providing teachers with the updated guidelines for action research by using PLS-SEM. The study also suggests the way for increasing student engagement for CLT implementation in classrooms.

The current study examined the effect of the style of transformational leadership on innovative work behavior as well as the internal locus of control’s moderating role and psychological empowerment between the relationships of them. We collected data from 422 respondents who are related to family business in Malaysia. Path coefficient analysis was employed to test the hypotheses and SPSS software was used for analyzing descriptive data. The results showed that transformational leadership style, psychological empowerment and internal locus of control have affirmative relationship and significant impact on innovative work behavior. Finally, psychological empowerment and internal locus of control were not found to have moderating effect between innovative work behavior and the style of transformational leadership.

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This study aims to extend the literature by examining the mediating effect of motivational factors between the relationship of leadership styles and employee engagement in the Readymade Garments (RMG) industry in Bangladesh. The study is used Herzberg’s two-factor theory and full range leadership theory. Using the deductive approach and quantitative technique, the study has collected data from 387 employees of the RMG industry via a closedended researcher-administered questionnaire. The findings show that intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors, as well as transactional leadership style, have a significant effect on employee engagement in the RMG industry. Motivational factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) mediate the relationship between the relationship of leadership styles (transformational and transactional) and employee engagement. It is suggested that the industry should focus on transactional leadership style and motivational factors for filling the ambitious target in the future.

The aim of this study is to identify the features of fraudulent journals. Fraudulent and clone journals wasted valuable manuscripts when scholars and authors publish their works in these journals. Fraud journals publish the articles without the reviewing process with a high rate of fee while the name and ISSN of clone journals are identical to the original journals. Purposive sampling technique and document analysis method had been used to conduct this research. Two clone versions and two fraud journals of the Scopus indexing journals had been selected for reviewing their articles. Based on the discussion of this study, the researcher found some characteristics of predatory/fraud/ clone journals that will help the scholars to avoid publishing on fake journals.