The Belgian Blue cattle were imported to Indonesia for increasing beef production. A preliminary study was done to know the birth weight and pre-weaning mortality of BB calves from some recipient dam breed in different altitude. About 86 records of Belgian Blue purebred calves resulted from embrio transfer were used in this study. Data of birth weight were analysed using general linear model with recipient dam breed, altitude and sex of calf as fixed effect. Data of mortality were analysed using chi-square for different altitudeThe birth weight were significantly affected by recipient dam breed and altitude (P<0.05), but not sex of calves (P>0.05). Birth weights were 44.44±1.68 kg, 40.58±2.71 kg, 50.53±1.12 kg, 50.85±1.62 kg and 55.56±1.21 kg for Brahman, Ongole grade, Simental, Limousine and Friesian Holstein (FH) recipient dam, respectively. The birth weights were 43.09±1.46 kg, 51.11±0.92 kg and 54.18±1.29 kg for upland, middleland and lowland areas, respectively. The pre-weaning mortality were affected by altitude (P<0.05). The percentage of mortality were 61.1%, 22.3% and 41.9% for upland, middle land and lowland, respectively. The study concluded birth weight of BB purbred calves were highest in recipient dam of FH. BB calves performed better in middle land and above based on higher birth weight and lower mortality. This result was a preliminary study used as a recommendation in developing Belgian Blue cattle in Indonesia.

The aim of this study was to determine the economic value of beef cattle through Artificial Insemination (AI) with the elite bulls and natural mating in farmers. The study was conducted in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province in 2017, in 2 Sub-districts (Bajeng and Pallangga) and 9 Villages (Pabantengan, Pallangga, Maceni Baji, Ramba, Todotoa, Bajeng City, Marekaya and Paraikatte). The study used a field survey method, by recording data on the development of beef cattle. Mating activity was carried out with AI and natural mating using bulls and semen from Brahman, Ongole, Angus and Bali. All of the female were Bali dams and Bali heifers which ready to mate as many as 119 animals, where 90 dams would be bred through AI, and others 29 dams and heifers through natural mating in each farmer. Primary and secondary data were analysed descriptively, qualitatively, quantitatively, and economically. The results showed that the net profit of farmers who joined AI amounting to IDR. 266,712,000/year, net profits of farmers amounting to IDR.3,292,740/farmer, R/C 1.80. Net profits for farmers participating in natural mating were IDR. 32,027,000/year, the farmer’s net profit of IDR. 1,104,379/farmer, R/C 1.27. The income of farmers from AI calf was higher than the income derived from calves from natural mating. The price of female and male calves were influenced by sire breeds, body weight and calf performance. The beef Bali cattle business, which is breeding through AI and natural mating is economically feasible.

An integrated palm-cow management system has been introduced to increase population and production of beef cattle in Indonesia. The objective of the study was to assess the helminth infections on beef cattle in the palm-cow integration in East Kalimantan and Riau provinces under smallholder farming system. A cross sectional survey was carried out during November -December 2020 to observe diseases occurrence, interview the owner and animal health officer, as well as collected faecal sample of cattle in extensive, intensive and semi-intensive management. The clinical signs during field observation were diarrhoea, cachexia, anorexia and reproductive disturbance. In East Kalimantan, the prevalence of trematode (fasciolosis) in Bali cattle (65,5%) raised extensively was higher compared to Brahman cross (32%) that raised intensively. Conversely, the prevalence of nematodes in crossbreed was higher than in local breed (28% vs 10.34%). In Riau, cattle were kept in semi-intensive indicates that cross breed was more susceptible than local breed to nematode infestation (41.67% vs 22.73%), and to trematodes (Fasciola) (29.17% vs 18.18%). Beef cattle reared in palm cow-integration systems showed minimal cases of infectious diseases. Gastrointestinal parasites are potentially affected on ingested nutrient loss and metabolic disorder led to poor productivity and reproductivity of beef cattle.

Goa Monyet Tenau Garden is one of the tourist parks located in Kupang East Nusa Tenggara Province. The population of long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is about 142 in the region, while outside the region is 162. This study was aimed to determine the types of gastrointestinal endoparasites that infect monkeys which live inside and outside the region, and to study if there is a relationship between different regions with percentageof gastrointestinal endoparasites that infect monkeys as well. Specific target was to obtain data on the diversity of endoparasites in the tourist park. Macaca fascicularis fecal sampling was done randomly from inside and outside the region. Thirty fecal samples were taken which composed of 15 samples from the region and 15 samples from outside the region. The weight of each fecal sample is ± 10 gr. Each fecal sample was inserted into the pot(capacity ± 25 ml) and labeled by the place, date and month of collection. The samples were given 10% formalin as a preservative. Examinations were conducted at the Animal Health Laboratory Politani Kupang, using 2 methods : Centrifuge and Sedimentation method. Diversity and percentage of worm infection in monkeys between different regions were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the types of endoparasitesinfecting monkeys inside and outside of the region were the same (Eimeria sp., Ancylostoma sp., and Strongyloides sp.). This was caused by the interaction of the use of the same region. Percentage average of endoparasitic infection that infects monkeys in the region was higher than that of outside the region (In the region: Eimeria sp./ 86.7%, Ancylostoma sp./ 73.3% and Strongyloides sp./66.7%, outside the region: Eimeriasp./ 80%, Ancylostoma sp./60%, Strongyloides sp./46.7%. The difference percentages of infection were influenced by several factors, such as vegetation, water sources, sanitation, season, temperature and population.