No abstract

The AM is defined by the National Information Standards Organization as: "The version of a journal article that has been accepted for publication in a journal."This means the version that has been through peer review and been accepted by a journal editor. When you receive the acceptance email from the Editorial Office we recommend that you retain this article for future posting.Embargoes apply if you are posting the AM to an institutional or subject repository, or to academic social networks such as Mendeley, ResearchGate, or Academia.edu. give for undertaking a PhD; here we extend the discussion to explore research degree candidates' motivations across all faculties. The aim of our study was to identify the factors that motivate students to undertake HDRs, and also to attempt to establish what role undergraduate experiences of research might play in this decision-making.A handful of recent studies have focused on motivations to undertake HDRs in specific disciplines, with a particular emphasis in the areas of Education and Business (see Table 1). university, but it is likely that there will also be other motivating factors for different subsets in the STEM fields. While we might think we know why students decide to embark on an HDR, there is little systematically gathered, empirical evidence to determine whether or not these assumptions are in fact correct for students in recent years from a broader range of disciplines.• Entry to academia • Professional development • Professional advancement • Entry to new career • Self-enrichment Business (Professional Doctorate) USA Stiber (2000) • Personal satisfaction • Preparation for teaching • Marketability for consulting •Unlike the studies listed above, our research was conducted across all faculties in a comprehensive Australian research-intensive university. The results of our study are reflective of the HDR candidate population across all faculties, rather than being focussed mainly on Education or Business as in existing studies. We did not distinguish between types of HDR in the current study. The Survey Questionnaire DevelopmentTo the best of our knowledge, there is no relevant questionnaire readily available aimed at identifying motivations behind students pursuing postgraduate research.Therefore, we used a deductive approach, sometimes described as logical partitioning (Hinkin, 1998), to generate the initial set of questions. In a deductive approach it is assumed that the theoretical foundation provides enough information to generate the initial set of questions. For this, firstly a literature review (summarized in Table 1) was executed in order to identify the main domains which motivated postgraduate research students to become researchers, initially categorized as general motivations and undergraduate experiences. However, it was not expected that these domains would necessarily emerge as distinct factors in the data analysis. Questionnaire items were based primarily on the literature review; then, in order to assure content validity and face validity, i...

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are increasingly used for authentication and identification applications as well as the cryptographic key generation. An important feature of a PUF is the reliance on minute random variations in the fabricated hardware to derive a trusted random key. Currently, most PUF designs focus on exploiting process variations intrinsic to the CMOS technology. In recent years, progress in emerging nanoelectronic devices has demonstrated an increase in variation as a consequence of scaling down to the nanoregion. To date, emerging PUFs with nanotechnology have not been fully established, but they are expected to emerge. Initial research in this area aims to provide security primitives for emerging integrated circuits with nanotechnology. In this paper, we review emerging nanotechnology-based PUFs.INDEX TERMS Physical unclonable functions, hardware security, nanoelectronic devices, nanotechnology, reconfigurable PUF, strong PUF.

No abstract

No abstract