Our data show that concomitant mutations are a frequent event in advanced PTC and are associated with poor prognosis. The concomitant mutations may represent intratumor heterogeneity and could exert a gene dosage effect to promote disease progression. KRAS(S65N) can constitutively activate the MAPK pathway.

Paediatric DTC is distinct from DTC in the young adults (age >20 to <45 years). It is characterized by a higher rate of extrathyroidal extension, lymph node and distant metastases and a higher risk of persistent/recurrent DTC.

No abstract

Transplant tourists had a more complex posttransplantation course with higher incidence of acute rejection and infectious complications.

There is no strong evidence to support a different outcome between the two subcategories of Class-IV LN and, they should thus be treated the same until further studies indicate otherwise.