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Topographic Rossby waves (TRWs) are sub-inertial waves with periods ranging from several days to several hundreds of days, which are induced by variations in cross-isobathic motion as fluid columns are stretched and compressed over sloping topography under the conservation of potential vorticity (Oey & Lee, 2002;Rhines, 1970). TRWs are bottom trapped and decay upward in the presence of stratification (Rhines, 1970). As early as the 1970s, TRWs with periods of 1-2 weeks and wavelengths of 100-200 km were observed in the northwest Atlantic, decaying upward with depth (Thompson, 1971;Thompson & Luyten, 1976).

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