El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad de tres cepas de Pleurotus ostreatus y una de Agrocybe aegerita para colonizar la biomasa generada por las industrias jugueras (orujo) y comparar las curvas de crecimiento micelial. El aprovechamiento de estos residuos lignocelulósicos permitiría brindar opciones para la disposición final de esta biomasa residual. Como sustratos se emplearon dos tipos de orujos de pera, uno sometido a un tratamiento enzimático previo a la extracción de jugo y otro sin tratar. A. aegerita evidenció menor crecimiento que P. ostreatus en ambos sustratos, mientras que P. ostreatus presentó mejor desarrollo sobre el orujo con pretratamiento enzimático, comportamiento que podría estar relacionado con la composición química de los orujos de pera analizados.

ABSTRACT:One of the main drawbacks of using endometrial cytology in cows is the time required for sample collection and interpretation. It is recommended to count a large number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and to calculate their overall percentage. However, since counting a large number of cells is a laborious method, it would be preferable to simplify the analysis by counting the number of PMN in few microscopic fields. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether a simple test, based on calculating the average number of PMN in 10 fields at 1000×, could be a reliable technique for the diagnosis of endometritis. Two hundred and sixty endometrial samples were taken from Holstein cows at different postpartum stages using an adapted cytobrush. Smears obtained were air-dried for fixing and stained with a Romanowsky-type procedure. To evaluate the counting method, the percentage of PMN in 150 cells was calculated as well as the average number of PMN in 10 fields at 1000×. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was constructed to evaluate both methods, the percentage of PMN (used as reference) and the average number of PMN. It was observed that the area under the curve is (regardless of cut-off used) higher than 0.99 and the correspondence between both methods were 1.58 PMN/field for the cut-off value of 15% and 2.40 PMN/field for the cut-off value of 20%. These results show that this simple method could be used to determine the percentage of PMN in endometrial cytological samples and to diagnose endometritis in cows.

En el presente articulo se describen los resultados de un estudio de normalización y estandarización de tareas neuropsicológicas para evaluar la memoria en población universitaria. En el estudio participaron 208 estudiantes universitarios de Manizales sin patología neurológica o psiquiátrica asociada, evaluados con el Test de Aprendizaje Auditivo Verbal de Rey, el Test de la figura compleja de Rey, el Test de Audición Serial Pautada (Pasat), y Test de Retención Visual de Benton. En relación con el plan de análisis estadístico puede indicarse que la validez de apariencia fue evaluada mediante juicio de expertos; la de contenido utilizando análisis factorial; la validez de criterio concurrente, a través del coeficiente de correlación; la consistencia interna con el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach; la consistencia relacionada con el tiempo de aplicación mediante la proporción de aciertos y la consistencia relacionada con la aplicación por diferentes evaluadores, utilizando el coeficiente de correlación intraclase y la proporción de aciertos. Para establecer la normalidad de los datos se empleó la prueba de Shapiro Wilk, la comparación entre puntuaciones medias de hombres y mujeres se realizó con la U de Mann - Whitney o t de Student, finalmente se obtuvieron baremos para los test incluidos. Entre los resultados puede indicarse que se evidenció adecuada validez de apariencia, contenido y criterio concurrente para cada test, altos niveles de consistencia interna, confiabilidad pretest – postest, y confiabilidad relacionada con la aplicación de los diferentes evaluadores para las pruebas.

A high intramuscular fat content characterizes Wagyu (WY) cattle breed. Our objective was to compare beef from WY, WY-by-Angus, or Wangus (WN) steers with European, Angus-by-Charolais-Limousine crossbred steers (ACL), considering metabolic biomarkers pre-slaughtering and nutritional characteristics, including health-related indexes of the lipid fraction. The fattening system with olein-rich diets and no exercise restriction included 82 steers, 24 WY, 29 WN, and 29 ACL. The slaughter ages and weights were (median and interquartile range) 38.4 mo.-old (34.9–40.3 mo.) and 840 kg (785–895 kg) for WY; for WN, 30.6 mo. (26.9–36.5 mo.) and 832 kg (802–875 kg), and for ACL steers, 20.3 mo.-old (19.0–22.7 mo.) and 780 kg (715–852 kg). Blood lipid-related metabolites, except for non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and low-density level cholesterol (LDL), were higher in WY and WN than in ACL, while glucose was lower in WY and WN. Leptin was higher in WN than in ACL. Pre-slaughtering values of plasma HDL underscored as a possible metabolic biomarker directly related to beef quality. The amino-acid content in beef did not differ among experimental groups, except for more crude protein in ACL. Compared to ACL, WY steers showed higher intramuscular fat in sirloin (51.5 vs. 21.9%) and entrecote (59.6 vs. 27.6%), more unsaturated fatty acids in entrecote (55.8 vs. 53.0%), and more oleic acid in sirloin (46 vs. 41.3%) and entrecote (47.5 vs. 43.3%). Compared to ACL entrecote, WY and WN showed better atherogenic (0.6 and 0.55 vs. 0.69), thrombogenicity (0.82 and 0.92 vs. 1.1), and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic index (1.9 and 2.1 vs. 1.7). Therefore, beef’s nutritional characteristics depend on breed/crossbred, slaughtering age and cut, with WY and WN entrecote samples showing a healthier lipid fraction.