Rio Grande do Sul (RS) presents a known year-on-year unevenness for soybean production, mainly due to water availability. This study aimed to assess the climate effects, with special focus on rainfall during 25 soybean-growing seasons. Eleven sites were clustered according to soybean yield. The effect of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was considered in association with soil water balance. Neutral ENSO phases occurred in 32% of the years, while El Niño and La Ninã in 36% and 32%, respectively. No season presented difference of rainfall among Clusters under Neutral conditions. The limit of 800 mm rainfall for significant yield increments were only achieved in El Niño seasons. The combined effect of rainfall and soil type on soybean yield, represented by the actual soybean yields-water deficit relationship, led to a water cost from -3.7 to -15.2 kg mm -1 ha -1 .
A consorciação de culturas agrícolas apresenta potencialidade frente ao cenário futuro de escassez de terras agricultáveis e aumento da demanda mundial por alimentos. O desempenho da consorciação de cana-de-açúcar e canola foi avaliado durante três anos em Piracicaba (SP). O experimento foi delineado em blocos casualizados com 4 repetições e 5 tratamentos: cana-de-açúcar + canola Hyola 61; cana-de-açúcar + canola Hyola 401 ou Hyola 571; cana-de-açúcar em monocultivo; canola Hyola 61 monocultivo; canola Hyola 401 ou Hyola 571 monocultivo. A cana-de-açúcar em consórcio com a canola apresentou resultado similar ao seu monocultivo, com produtividade de colmos de 51,0 a 117,0 ton ha-1. A canola consorciada com cana-de-açúcar também apresentou produtividade de grãos similar ao seu monocultivo, de 1.026 a 1.567 kg ha-1. O sistema consorciado resultou em eficiência de uso da terra de 1,74 a 1,87 vezes superior ao monocultivo.
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