ResumenLos objetivos de este artículo son aportar nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento de las fracturas tibiales tipo IIIB-IIIC mediante colgajos libres y presentar nuestro protocolo de actuación ante este tipo de lesiones.El estudio incluye una serie de 49 pacientes en los que se realizaron un total de 51 colgajos libres. El desbridamiento y la estabilización ósea se practicaron el día 1 de la lesión. El número de desbridamientos hasta cobertura fue de 1 a 3 (media 2,1). El tiempo medio desde la lesión a la cobertura definitiva fue de 9,3 días. Hubo supervivencia en 46 colgajos (90,2%), y los 5 fallidos se resolvieron mediante 2 colgajos de piernas cruzadas, un segundo colgajo libre y 2 amputaciones infracondíleas.Obtuvimos consolidación primaria en 23 casos (47% de los pacientes). En el resto realizamos procedimientos ortopédicos secundarios con un 4% de osteomielitis crónicas y un 4% de pseudoatrosis infectadas, una de las cuales requirió amputación secundaria. En total hubo 3 amputaciones, con un 94% de piernas salvadas.El tratamiento de estos pacientes se debe llevar a cabo en un centro hospitalario donde haya estrecha colaboración entre traumatólogos y cirujanos plásticos. A pesar del avance en todas las especialidades implicadas, creemos que la adecuada cobertura con colgajos microvascularizados es clave para obtener la consolidación, sin infección, de estas fracturas.Palabras clave Fractura abierta tibia, Reconstrucción miembro inferior, Colgajos libres. Nivel de evidencia científica 4 AbstractThe purpose of this article is to report our clinical experience of lower extremity microsurgical reconstruction in severe Gustilo IIIB or IIIC open tibial fractures, and to describe our treatment protocol for these patients.Fifty-one free flaps were used in 49 consecutive patients. Debridement and stabilization of the fracture were invariably performed in the first day of the injury. The number of debridements prior to definitive treatment was between 1-3 (mean 2,1). Severe soft-tissue defects requiring flap coverage were treated 6-19 days (mean 9,3 days). Survival was achieved in 46 flaps (90,2%); the 5 free flaps failed were solved 2 with limb amputation, one with a secondary free flap, and 2 with cross-leg flaps.Twenty-three (47%) fractures progressed to primary bony union while 26 (53%) required a bone-stimulating procedure to achieve this outcome. Overall, there was a rate of deep infection at the site of fracture of 4%, and of serious infected bony nonunion of 4%. One extremity underwent secondary amputation. The salvage rate of functional limb was 94%.Severe open tibial fractures should be referred directly to specialist centres for simultaneous combined management by orthopaedic and plastic surgeons. Although the various specialties involved in the management of severe limb injuries have significantly improved over the past few decades, successful free-flap reconstruction is key to ensuring an infection-free fracture union.
Palabras clave Reconstrucción mamaria, Cirugía ambulatoria, Cuidados perioperatorios.
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