En este trabajo se presenta un estudio comparativo entre las topologías físicas que apoyan WSN con el fin de determinar la más eficaz aplicado a una red inalámbrica de sensores ambientales. La investigación se realizó mediante el apoyo del Network Simulator 2 (NS-2), que permite crear un entorno similar al real y simulado su funcionamiento, para determinar la mejor topología de un método inductivo se aplicó para evaluar los datos de NS-2 que se basaron en las métricas de rendimiento, tales como: el envío de paquetes, el consumo de energía y la cobertura. Como resultado se obtuvo que la topología física estrella es la mejor manera de aplicar una red WSN para las mediciones ambientales, que tiene una relación de Entrega de paquetes del 97,9%, el rendimiento de 0,7542 Kbps, un retraso de 0,0162 ms, un consumo de energía bajo y una mayor área de cobertura del sensor. AbstractThis paper presents a comparative study between physical topologies that support WSN in order to determine the most efficient applied to a wireless network of environmental sensors. The research was performed by the support of Network Simulator 2 (NS-2), it allows to create an environment similar to real and simulated its operation, to determine the best topology an inductive method was applied to evaluate the data from NS-2 that were based on the performance metrics such as: sending packages, energy consumption and coverage. As a result it was obtained that the star physical topology is the best to implement a WSN network for environmental measurements, that has Packet Delivery Ratio of 97,9 %, Throughput of 0,7542 Kbps, a delay of 0,0162 ms, a low energy consumption and a greater sensor coverage area.
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