Summary It has been suggested that the lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease in women before menopause in comparison with men may be explained by differences in body fat distribution, plasma lipoprotein levels and indices of plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis. Thus, gender differences in visceral adipose tissue accumulation measured by computed tomography and metabolic variables were studied in 80 men and 69 pre-menopausal women, aged 23-50 years. Despite the fact that women had higher levels of total body fat (p < 0.0001), they displayed lower areas of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (p < 0.06) and a lower ratio of abdominal visceral to mid-thigh adipose tissue areas than men (p < 0.0001). After adjustment for body fat mass, women generally displayed a more favourable risk profile than men which included higher plasma HDL2-cholesterol and lower plasma insulin, apolipoprotein B and triglyceride levels (p < 0.01). Metabolic variables adjusted for body fat mass were then cornpared between genders after control for differences in abdominal visceral adipose tissue area. After such controls, variables related to plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis were no longer significantly different between men and women. Gender differences for plasma concentrations of triglyceride, apolipoprotein B and the ratio of HDL2-cholesterol/HDL3-cholesterol also disappeared, whereas plasma concentrations of HDL-cholesterol, HDL2-cholesterol as well as the ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol remained significantly higher in women than in men (p < 0.01 ). These results suggest that abdominalvisceral adipose tissue is an important correlate of gender differences in cardiovascular disease risk. However, additional factors are likely to be involved in gender differences in plasma HDLcholesterollevels. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 757-764]
Les pays industrialisés sont entrés dans une récession économique qui se répercutera nécessairement par d’importantes pertes d’emploi. Les travailleurs licenciés ne retrouveront pas tous le niveau de salaire et les conditions de travail qu’ils avaient avant la mise à pied, et vivront même par la suite plusieurs épisodes de chômage. Les travailleurs âgés, ceux qui sont en emploi dans la même entreprise depuis plusieurs années et ceux plus faiblement scolarisés sont plus susceptibles de connaître cette situation.Cet article s’intéresse aux protections sociales des travailleurs dans le cas des licenciements collectifs au Québec. Nous présentons les obligations légales des employeurs en la matière, nous nous interrogeons sur le pouvoir des acteurs sociaux devant un tel événement et présentons les programmes publics existants pour les travailleurs licenciés. La conclusion suggère des pistes de recherche pour une meilleure connaissance de la sécurisation des travailleurs dans le cas des licenciements collectifs
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