The purpose of this study is to analyze the conflict in Bengkalis waters and contributing factors. Analysis of the conflict is descriptive and the factors that cause conflict with the approach of analyzed Fisher et al. (2000). The study was conducted in the waters Bengkalis Regency. The results showed that the conflict in Bengkalis waters began in 1983 to the present. This conflict started when hunting for kurau (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) in the waters of District Bantan began to rise. Primary factors driving the conflict has not received much attention and as basis for conflict resolution that remains in progress. These factors are identified into three parts: 1) cultural background, 2) social factors, and 3) juridical factor.

The use of rumpon, a type of Fish Aggregating Device (FAD), has been traditional in Indonesia, particularly in eastern Indonesia waters since time immemorial (Reuter 1938;Nasution et al. 1986;Monintja 1976). The traditional tuna fishermen in Mamuju waters in the Province of South Celebes have used rumpons for a long time, although there is no record when the device was first used (Nasution et al. 1986). Any structure designed or made to attract free schooling fishes: rumpon (Indonesia), tendak (West Java), uncang (Sumatera), rompong (Sulawesi), payaos (Philippines). Local fishermen claimed that they learned how to construct the rumpon from their ancestors, but did not apply the device extensively until 1985 because of the low profitability of catching the swift swimming fishes. The use of rumpon for fishing activities has improved the effectiveness and efficiency of several fishing gear. However, the fast growing of rumpon utilization has raised a great concern on the sustainability of the fish resources. The rumpon management for responsible fisheries should consider the aspects of biology, location, environment, fishing gear, social and economic. The existing condition of rumpon has not fully understood and its usage in a responsible manner further elaboration also needed. For that purpose, the information of the past and present situation of rumpon in Indonesia will be important for further management. The main data were collected and compiled from various references, annual report of the Directorate General of Fisheries and research report of Central Research Institute for Fisheries. Additional data were made available from local fisheries agencies or related institutions. Structure of the rumpon installed in the Provinces of North Sumatera, West Sumatra, Lampung, West Java, East Java, North Celebes, Central Celebes, South Celebes, maluku and Papua are given in detail. There are 2 types of rumpon : the deep sea rumpon and shallow water rumpon. The differences among the rumpons in those areas are mostly found in material of mooring line, shape and material of float and structure of the attracting components. The mooring line is mostly made of polyethylene of 12-25 mm in diameter or nylon of 5-10 mm in diameter. There are wide variations of shape of floats. Generally they are divide into pontoon type or box shape made of steel and raft type made of bamboos. Attractors are made of coconut leaves, nipah leaves and pinag leaves. Some attractors are attached to the mooring line and the others are hung down from the float. They are operated in wide range of water depth from 20 to 1500 m. The fishing ground conditions, bottom topography and bottom configuration are among the factors considered for the rumpon design and construction. The differences in construction are mainly due to the rumpon location, target species in each area and the fishing gear applied.

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The human element is an important key factor in the success of small-scale fishing activities. Knowledge of decision-making by fishermen in choosing the location of fishing will determine the sustainability of fisheries resources. There were two aims in this paper which are to explore factors that influenced the decision-making process and to determine how to choose fishing grounds. This method used content analysis to examine the relevant literature. Results showed that some factors that influence decision making process were weather, currents, familiarity with fishing grounds, sources and sharing information, available resources, recent catch effort, socio-historical-cultural and economic factors. Choosing fishing location was determined by the safely routes, travel costs, profit maximization, information, environmental factors, and individual personality.<br />Key words: decision-making process, small-scale fishers</p><p>-------<br />ABSTRAK</p><p>Unsur manusia merupakan faktor kunci penting dalam suksesnya kegiatan penangkapan ikan skala kecil. Pengetahuan tentang pengambilan keputusan yang dilakukan oleh nelayan dalam memilih lokasi penangkapan ikan akan menentukan keberlanjutan sumber daya perikanan. Ada dua tujuan yang ingin dicapai yaitu untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan yang dilakukan nelayan skala kecil dalam hal penangkapan ikan dan cara menentukan lokasi penangkapan ikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kajian literatur / studi pustaka dari berbagai jurnal penelitian. Hasil telaah literatur menunjukkan bahwa faktor cuaca, arus angin, familiar dengan lokasi, berbagi pengalaman dengan nelayan lainnya, hasil tangkapan sebelumnya, ketersediaan sumberdaya, faktor lingkungan sosial, ekonomi, budaya, berpengaruh dalam proses pengambilan keputusan nelayan. Nelayan menentukan lokasi penangkapan ikan dilakukan dengan cara memilih rute perjalanan yang aman, memperhitungkan biaya operasional penangkapan ikan, mendapatkan keuntungan maksimal, informasi, faktor lingkungan, ataupun kepribadian individu.<br />Kata kunci: proses pengambilan keputusan, nelayan skala kecil</p>

Jakarta Bay and its neighbouring waters of Seribu

ABSTRACT