Percutaneous methods of managing renal stones have an increased rate of complications compared with ureteroscopy. In patients with complex medical histories, upper urinary tract calculi <4 cm can be safely and effectively managed using a staged retrograde endoscopic approach.

Testis perfusion can be maintained for a prolonged period in the presence of testicular torsion. Anatomical variability may account for differences in the duration of viability of the torsed testis. A high index of suspicion must be maintained to avoid missing the diagnosis of testicular torsion in these challenging cases.

The authors conclude that laparoscopic repair of traumatic intraperitoneal urinary bladder rupture is a practical alternative to conventional open repair.

Multiple variables have been shown to be associated with SWL success. In our sample of patients with preoperative CT scans, SSD was found to have no effect on SWL success.