Recreational fisheries in Brazil have increased in importance and attracted many foreign recreational fishers. The objectives of this article were to summarise the available data on Brazilian recreational fisheries, to discuss some of their features and to analyse how they are performing in different regions compared with international trends. A review of published and unpublished sources together with data from recreational fishing licences was used. The participation rate was low (0.9%). Overall, there was a high diversity of fish species, with the following species/group of species repeatedly reported: Menticirrhus spp., Centropomus spp., Cynoscion spp., and Micropogonias furnieri (marine/estuarine water), and Cichla spp., Hoplias malabaricus, and Piaractus mesopotamicus, together with the introduced Oreochromis niloticus and Coptodon rendalli (fresh water). The north‐eastern region differs from the other regions: fishing occurs mostly in marine waters and fishers acquire mainly shore‐based licences, have minimum fishing expenditures and rarely release fishes. There is no estimate of the total harvest or economic value. Conflicts include catch‐and‐release‐oriented freshwater and marine recreational fishers vs consumption‐oriented coastal fishers, tournament participants vs non‐participants, commercial fishers and other leisure activities, pollution, ports, species introductions and translocations, protected areas, and federal and state laws. Cases of smooth shifts from artisanal to recreational fishing were detected, possibly associated with changes in the societal relationship with natural resources.

This article presents a general overview of recreational fisheries in Brazil, with emphasis on inland fisheries; reports their current needs; and provides directions for future work considering that there is an apparent increase in recreational fishing in emerging economies around the globe. Even though there is no nationwide survey to identify the profile of all Brazilian recreational fishers, some insights can be obtained from competitive fishing events and from the questionnaire printed on the back of fishing licenses. The number of fishing licenses issued in 2010 was approximately 220,000, representing an increase of 220% compared to 2000. Some estimates suggest that the number of recreational fishers in Brazil may be around 10 million. Information on fishing expenses, catch‐and‐release activities, fishing guides, lodging, fishing areas, target species, management control, and fishing clubs and associations is presented. Data for basic estimates such as total number of recreational fishers, total catch and species composition, and total economic value are unavailable, but the results presented here are nevertheless essential for a long‐term planning of the development of recreational fishing in Brazil. Other requirements are presented and suggestions are made toward improved management of recreational fisheries in Brazil and other emerging economies.

Caracterização genética de seis plantéis comerciais de tilápia (Oreochromis) utilizando marcadores microssatélitesPalavras-chave: tilápia, microssatélite, distância genética. ABSTRACTTwo hundred and thirty five individuals from six commercial stocks of tilapias (Ceará, Chitralada, Israel, Nilótica, Taiwan and Red) from the Southeastern region of the country were genetically characterized using five microsatellite loci. The results suggest large genetic difference among the stocks, estimated through the fixation allele index (Fst = 0.3263), and a considerable loss of heterozigosity occurs in most of the stocks, according to the population inbreeding coefficient (Fis=0.0486). The Israel and Nilótica stocks were genetically similar (Ig=0.6663), while Chitralada and Taiwan showed less genes in common (Ig=0.2463). The Red stock was the most distinct stock.

RESUMO -Neste trabalho, determinou-se o valor nutritivo de quatro alimentos energéticos (fubá de milho, sorgo, farelo de arroz integral e quirera de arroz) para juvenis de surubim. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB) e energia bruta (EB) foram avaliados pela metodologia de substituição do alimento numa ração-referência usando-se 0,1% de óxido crômico como indicador externo. Utilizaram-se 240 alevinos com 30 g de peso médio distribuídos em tanques apropriados para coleta de fezes. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro dietas, cada uma com quatro repetições. O coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca do fubá de milho foi de 62,3%; do farelo de arroz, 59,7%; da quirera de arroz, 40,4%; e do sorgo, 38%. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade da proteína bruta, nesta ordem, foram 87,4; 83,8; 85,3; e 81,1%; e os da energia bruta, 62,4; 66,4; 46,9 e 47,8%. Entre os alimentos avaliados, o que possui maior digestibilidade da matéria seca, proteína bruta e energia bruta é o farelo de arroz e o de menor digestibilidade, o sorgo.Palavras-chave: avaliação de alimentos, espécies carnívoras, pintado, Pseudoplatystoma Apparent digestibility coefficients of different energetic ingredients for surubim juvenilesABSTRACT -It was determined, in this work, the nutritional value of four energetic feeds (corn meal, sorghum, whole rice bran, and ground rice) for surubim juveniles. Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and gross energy (GE) were evaluated by food replacement methodology in a reference-feeding using 0.1% of chromic oxide as an external marker. It was used 240 fingerlings with an average weight of 30 g distributed in tanks fitted for faeces collection.A complete random design with four diets, each one with four replicates, was used. Apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter for corn meal was 62.3%; for rice bran, 59.7%; for ground rice, 40.4%, and for sorghum, 38%. Digestibility coefficients for crude protein were, in this order, the following: 87.4, 83.8, 85.3 and 81.1% and digestibility coefficient for gross energy were: 62.4, 66.4, 46.9 and 47.8%. Among the evaluated feeds, the one with the highest digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy is the rice bran and the one with the lowest digestibility is the sorghum.Key Words: Brazilian catfish, carnivorous species, feed evaluation, Pseudoplatystoma IntroduçãoNo Brasil, apesar da crescente demanda por rações comerciais para o surubim (Pseudoplatystoma sp), existem poucos trabalhos que tratam da avaliação de alimentos para essa espécie. A falta de dados concretos sobre a avaliação de alimentos e exigências nutricionais faz com que as deficiências na alimentação e nutrição desses peixes sejam responsáveis por altos índices de mortalidade, baixa eficiência alimentar e baixo desempenho (Teixeira, 2008).A ração é muito importante, pois, quando formulada adequadamente, permite maior eficiência no uso de seus nutrientes tornando a composição...

This study distinguished hybrids of surubim or pintado Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and cachara Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum from pure strains using a set of eight microsatellite markers and population assignment methods. Applications of this molecular tool range from certification of hybrid-free breeders in restocking conservation programmes to the identification of fish products lacking traditional morphological characteristics.