are regionally-and seasonally-varying (Cross-Chapter Box 3.1, Figure 1c; Trenberth et al., 2014; Zang et al., 2019). Further, there was no slowdown in the increasing occurrence of hot extremes over land (Kamae et al., 2014;Seneviratne et al., 2014;Imada et al., 2017). Thus, the internally-driven slowdown of GSAT increase does not correspond to slowdown of warming everywhere on the Earth's surface. Updated forcingCMIP5 historical simulations driven by observed forcing variations ended in 2005 and were extended with RCP scenario simulations for model-observation comparisons beyond that date. Post AR5 studies based on updated external forcing show that while no net effect of updated anthropogenic aerosols is found on GSAT trends (