CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Urinary tract infections are the most common cause of hospital-acquired infections, and the use of indwelling urinary catheters is a predisposing factor for their development. The aims of this study were to estimate the frequency of pre and postoperative bacteriuria, identify the microorganisms involved, count the colony-forming units, determine the antibiotic sensitivity profile and compare the results from pre and postoperative urinalyses among women undergoing gynecological surgery with implantation of a urinary catheter. DESIGN AND SETTING: Non-controlled prospective observational single-cohort epidemiological study carried out at a university hospital. METHODS: Urine samples were collected before and 24 hours after catheterization for urinalysis, culturing and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Pre and postoperative urinalyses were compared using Wilcoxon and McNemar non-parametric tests. RESULTS: Fifty-one women participated in the study. Escherichia coli grew in six preoperative samples (11.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae in one (1.9%), but bacterial growth did not occur in any postoperative sample. Urinalysis showed lower number of pus cells in the postoperative urine samples (P < 0.05). There were no differences in red blood cell counts or in the nitrite and leukocyte esterase tests, between the samples. CONCLUSION: Bacteriuria was found in 13.7% of the preoperative samples. Gram-negative bacteria sensitive to most antibiotics were identified. In the postoperative samples, no bacterial growth was observed. Urinalysis only showed significant reduction of leukocyturia in the postoperative period. RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVOS:As infecções urinárias são a causa mais comum de infecções hospitalares, e o uso de cateteres de demora é fator predisponente para o seu desenvolvimento. Os objetivos deste estudo foram estimar a frequência de bacteriúria pré e pós-operatória, identificar os germes encontrados, a contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias e o perfil de sensibilidade aos antibióticos, além de comparar os resultados dos exames de urina pré-e pós-operatórios em mulheres submetidas a cirurgias ginecológicas com cateterismo vesical. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo epidemiológico, observacional, de coorte única, prospectivo, não controlado, realizado em hospital universitário. MÉTODOS: Amostras de urina foram colhidas antes da cateterização e após 24 horas para urinálise, cultura e antibiograma. Os resultados da urinálise no pré-e pós-operatório foram comparados utilizando-se os testes não paramétricos de Wilcoxon e McNemar. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 51 mulheres. Houve crescimento de Escherichia coli em seis amostras pré-operatórias (11,8%) e de Klebsiella pneumoniae em uma (1,9%), mas não houve crescimento bacteriano em nenhuma amostra pós-operatória. A urinálise mostrou menor quantidade de piócitos na amostra de urina pós-cirúrgica (P < 0,05). Não houve diferença quanto ao número de hemácias e às reações para nitrito e leucocitesterase, entre as amostras. CONCLUSÃO: Houv...
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